ArticleNutrients2016
Water and Beverage Consumption among Children Aged 4-13 Years in Lebanon: Findings from a National Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Nutrients, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors associated with water consumption among children: a systematic review.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2019Pooled it
- Age-Specific Monte Carlo Simulation-Based Microbial Risk Assessment of Drinking Water Contamination in Islamabad: Integrating Hydrochemical Analysis.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2026Article
- Total Water and Energy Intake Among Preschool Children in China: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Based on National Survey Data.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Association Between Increased Dietary Sodium Intake and Higher Water Intake from Fluid and Food in Children.Nutrients · 2025Article
- The Relationship between Fluid Milk, Water, and 100% Juice and Health Outcomes among Children and Adolescents.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Dietary intakes, sources, and determinants of free sugars amongst Lebanese children and adolescents: findings from two national surveys.European journal of nutrition · 2021Article
- Beverage Consumption of Children and Adolescents Aged 6-17 Years - China, 2016-2017.China CDC weekly · 2021Article
- Food Consumption Patterns and Nutrient Intakes of Children and Adolescents in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Call for Policy Action.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Patterns and sociodemographic determinants of water intake by children in China: results from the first national population-based survey.European journal of nutrition · 2020Article
- Water and Beverage Consumption among a Nationally Representative Sample of Children and Adolescents in the United Arab Emirates.Nutrients · 2019Article
- Water intake and hydration state in children.European journal of nutrition · 2019Review
- Fluid intake of Latin American children and adolescents: results of four 2016 LIQ.INEuropean journal of nutrition · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study evaluates total water intake (TWI) from plain water, beverages and foods among Lebanese children and compares TWI to dietary reference intakes (DRIs). In a national cross-sectional survey, data on demographic, socioeconomic, anthropometric, and physical activity characteristics were obtained from 4 to 13-year-old children (n = 752). Food and beverage consumption patterns were assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. TWI was estimated at 1651 mL/day, with beverages contributing 72% of the TWI compared to 28% from foods. Beverages with the highest contribution to TWI included plain water, fruit juice and soda. A significantly higher proportion of 9-13-year-old children failed to meet the DRIs compared to 4-8 years old (92%-98% vs. 74%). Gender differentials were observed with a significantly higher proportion of boys meeting the DRIs compared to girls. The water to energy ratio ranged between 0.84 and 0.87, which fell short of meeting the desirable recommendations. In addition, children from higher socioeconomic status had higher intakes of water from milk and bottled water, coupled with lower water intakes from sodas. The study findings show an alarming high proportion of Lebanese children failing to meet TWI recommendations, and call for culture-specific interventions to instill healthy fluid consumption patterns early in life.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.