ReviewCornea2016
Bilateral Alterations in Corneal Nerves, Dendritic Cells, and Tear Cytokine Levels in Ocular Surface Disease.
Review in Cornea, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Update on the Physiopathology of Keratoconus.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Preclinical Models of Rare Corneal and Ocular Surface Diseases: a Comprehensive Narrative Review.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Analysis of pathogenic bacteria and predictors of infectious endophthalmitis after cataract surgery.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Observational
- Imaging-based assessment of corneal graft rejection after penetrating keratoplasty: insights from confocal microscopy and anterior chamber analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Mooren's ulcer: a multifactorial autoimmune peripheral ulcerative keratitis and current treatment protocols.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Impact of Obesity and Age on Mouse Corneal Innervation at the Epithelial-Stromal Interface.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Immunocytochemical Analysis of Crocin against Oxidative Stress in Trigeminal Sensory Neurons Innervating the Cornea.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Ocular surface parameter changes in the untreated fellow eye after unilateral cataract surgery with short-term administration of anti-inflammatory eye drops.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Corneal nerve loss and increased Langerhans cells are associated with disease severity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Eye (London, England) · 2023Article
- Neural Regeneration in Dry Eye Secondary to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Is Also Disrupted like in Rheumatoid Arthritis, but in a Progressive Fashion.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Immune Fingerprint in Diabetes: Ocular Surface and Retinal Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Understanding Ocular Surface Inflammation in Tears Before and After Autologous Cultivated Limbal Epithelial Stem Cell Transplantation.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2023Article
- Evaluation of CelligentDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Corneal Alterations After Short-Term Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lens Use by Confocal Microscopy.Turkish journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Corneal nerves and their role in dry eye pathophysiology.Experimental eye research · 2022Review
- Impact of Lacrimal Gland Extraction on the Contralateral Eye in an Animal Model for Dry Eye Disease.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2022Article
- Ocular Surface Pathology in Patients Suffering from Mercury Intoxication.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The ocular surface immune system through the eyes of aging.The ocular surface · 2021Review
- Unilateral Corneal Insult Also Alters Sensory Nerve Activity in the Contralateral Eye.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Corneal xenotransplantation: Where are we standing?Progress in retinal and eye research · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent literature regarding corneal imaging in human subjects using in vivo confocal microscopy. It also covers the recent literature on corneal immune cells, nerves, and tear cytokine levels in ocular surface diseases as well as corneal immune privilege. The significance of interactions between corneal immune cells and nerves in health, neurotrophic keratopathy, and infectious keratitis is discussed. Furthermore, bilateral alterations of immune cells and nerves in clinically unilateral corneal diseases and the link to changes of tear cytokines or neuropeptide levels in contralateral eyes are described. Recent studies reported increased density and morphologic changes of corneal dendritic cells in ocular surface disease that correlated with a decrease in subbasal nerve and corneal nerve density, suggesting potential interactions between the immune and nervous systems in the cornea. Although the relevance of tear cytokines is poorly understood, tear cytokines might have an important role in the pathogenesis of ocular surface diseases. In humans and experimental animal models, alterations in immune cells, cytokines, and immunomodulatory neuropeptide levels in contralateral eyes might mediate the incidence of bilateral infectious keratitis and loss of immune privilege of the cornea in bilateral corneal transplantation or neurotrophic keratopathy cases. The discovery of bilateral alterations of immune cells and nerves in ocular surface diseases is considered the missing link between the immune and nervous systems in the cornea, and demonstrates how studies of animal models and humans aid our understanding of human corneal disease phenomena.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.