ArticleThe Journal of reproduction and development2016
Combination of density gradient centrifugation and swim-up methods effectively decreases morphologically abnormal sperms.
Article in The Journal of reproduction and development, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Functional heterogeneity of sperm binding to the ZP2 N terminus across normospermic and infertile phenotypes.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Integrating Sperm Microscopy, Environmental Exposures, and Lifestyle Factors for Male Fertility Analysis: Protocol for the Nippon Semen and Environmental Exposure Database (N-SEED) Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Comparison of Swim-Up and Microfluidic Sperm Sorting Methods in Selection of Sperm for Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Equine ICSI: an update on semen perspective.Animal reproduction · 2024Review
- Live motile sperm sorting device for enhanced sperm-fertilization competency: comparative analysis with density-gradient centrifugation and microfluidic sperm sorting.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2023Article
- Human Sperm Head Vacuoles Are Related to Nuclear-Envelope Invaginations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Performing a sperm DNA fragmentation test in addition to semen examination based on the WHO criteria can be a more accurate diagnosis of IVF outcomes.BMC urology · 2023Article
- Comparative Epigenetic Analysis of Imprinting Genes Involved in Fertility, in Cryopreserved Human Sperms with Rapid Freezing versus Vitrification Methods.Cell journal · 2023Article
- Opportunities and Limits of Conventional IVF versus ICSI: It Is Time to Come off the Fence.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Effects of sperm preparation techniques on sperm survivability and DNA fragmentation.The Journal of international medical research · 2022Article
- An Update on Semen Physiology, Technologies, and Selection Techniques for the Advancement of In Vitro Equine Embryo Production: Section II.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Review
- Effects of Semen Processing on Sperm Function: Differences between Swim-Up and Density Gradient Centrifugation.The world journal of men's health · 2021Article
- Machine learning for sperm selection.Nature reviews. Urology · 2021Review
- Sperm enrichment from poor semen samples by double density gradient centrifugation in combination with swim-up for IVF cycles.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Article
- Relation between semen oxidative reduction potential in initial semen examination and IVF outcomes.Reproductive medicine and biologyArticle
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Density gradient centrifugation (DGC) and swim-up techniques have been reported for semen preparation in assisted reproductive techniques in humans. We investigated whether semen preparation using a combination of DGC and swim-up techniques could effectively decrease morphologically abnormal human sperms at the ultrastructural level. Semen samples were obtained from 16 infertile males and fractionated by swim-up following DGC. Ultrastructural abnormalities of sperms obtained from original semen, lower layer of swim-up following DGC, and upper layer of swim-up following DGC were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The correlation among ultrastructural head abnormality in sperms from the upper layer of swim-up, fertilization in in vitro fertilization, and pregnancy after embryo transfer was also investigated. Furthermore, sperms with DNA fragmentation in the samples processed via a combination of DGC and swim-up was assessed in a sperm chromatin structure assay. Ultrastructural abnormalities in sperm heads and tails in the upper layer after swim-up following DGC was the lowest among the three groups. Sperms with nuclear vacuoles were the most difficult to eliminate using a combination of DGC and swim-up in all types of head abnormalities. A negative correlation was confirmed between the fertilization rates of intracytoplasmic sperm injection and head abnormality of sperms obtained from the upper layer of the swim-up following DGC. Sperms with DNA fragmentation were effectively decreased using the combination of two techniques. In conclusion, the combination of DGC and swim-up effectively decreased the number of sperms with ultrastructural abnormalities both in the head and in the tail. However, sperms with ultrastructural abnormalities that cannot be completely decreased using a combination of DGC and swim-up may impair fertilization in some cases of intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
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