Trial reportNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2016
Progesterone and Postpartum Smoking Relapse: A Pilot Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial.
Trial report in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of behaviour change techniques within interventions to prevent return to smoking postpartum.Addictive behaviors · 2019Pooled it
- Exogenous progesterone for smoking cessation in men and women: a pilot double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2019Trial
- Examining characteristics associated with quitting smoking during pregnancy and relapse postpartum.Addictive behaviors · 2018Trial
- Progesterone for smoking relapse prevention following delivery: A pilot, randomized, double-blind study.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2017Trial
- Differences in mood and cortisol by menstrual phase during acute smoking abstinence: A within-subject comparison.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2017Trial
- Menstrual Cycle in Women Who Co-use Marijuana and Tobacco.Journal of addiction medicineTrial
- Exploring hormonal influences on nicotine craving and use across the perinatal period: A prospective longitudinal study.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- We must look beyond primary reinforcement to understand nicotine use in women.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Compliance and Satisfaction With a Protocol for Identifying Novel Targets to Support Postpartum Opioid Use Disorder Recovery: Prospective Cohort Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- A protocol for modifying progesterone to increase postpartum cigarette smoking abstinence and reduce secondhand smoke exposure in infants.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2024Article
- Prevention of postpartum methamphetamine use with micronized progesterone trial (PROMPT): A pilot randomized controlled trial protocol.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2024Article
- The role of neurosteroids in posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder: A review of 10 years of clinical literature and treatment implications.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2024Review
- Acceptability of Hormonal Contraceptives as a Smoking Cessation Aid for Women of Reproductive Age: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Therapeutics for Substance-Using Women: The Need to Elucidate Sex-Specific Targets for Better-Tailored Treatments.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2023Article
- Methodological approach for an integrated female-specific study of anxiety and smoking comorbidity.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- The effects of chronic estradiol treatment on opioid self-administration in intact female rats.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- Bupropion for postpartum smoking relapse: A remote protocol for a two-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2021Article
- Sex differences in progestogen- and androgen-derived neurosteroids in vulnerability to alcohol and stress-related disorders.Neuropharmacology · 2021Review
- Administration of Exogenous Hormones and the Implications for Cigarette Smoking-Related Behaviors.Current psychiatry reports · 2020Review
- Response to nicotine following overnight smoking abstinence during short-term progesterone treatment in women.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionPregnancy is a strong motivator to quit smoking, yet postpartum relapse rates are high. Growing evidence suggests a role of sex hormones in drug abuse behavior and given the precipitous drop in sex hormones at delivery, they may play a role in postpartum relapse. This pilot study evaluates the feasibility and potential role of exogenous progesterone in postpartum smoking relapse.
methodsThis 12-week double-blind placebo-controlled randomized pilot trial randomized 46 abstinent postpartum women to active progesterone (PRO; 200mg twice a day) versus placebo (PBO) for 4 weeks. Participants were followed for relapse for 12 weeks. Main study outcomes include abstinence (point prevalence), feasibility (compliance per number of clinic visits attended, pill counts and Electronic Data Capture [EDC] completed) and self-reported acceptability. Safety was also measured by depressive symptom scores, adverse events, and breastfeeding.
resultsOverall retention rate was 87% at week 12. At week 4, abstinence rates were 75% in the PRO group and 68.2% in the PBO group (p = .75). Medication adherence was 68% and clinic visit attendance was 80%, with no differences by randomization. Depressive symptom scores, adverse events, and breastfeeding did not vary by randomization.
conclusionsAlthough the study was not powered to evaluate abstinence rates, we did observe a higher prevalence of abstinence at week 4 in the PRO group. Further, exogenous progesterone was well tolerated and did not adversely affect depressive symptoms or breastfeeding. Thus, the results of this pilot study indicate further investigation into progesterone as a postpartum relapse prevention strategy is warranted. IMPLICATIONS: This innovative pilot trial determined the feasibility of delivering exogenous progesterone as a potential prevention of postpartum smoking relapse. We observed high retention and moderate adherence rates, as well as high acceptability among participants. Further, though not statistically significant, more women in the treatment group remained abstinent from smoking during follow-up. This project adds to the growing body of literature on the role of sex hormones in smoking relapse and also provides support for a fully powered clinical trial.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.