SynthesisBMC infectious diseases2016
Burden of pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV-infected adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Features and global impact of invasive fungal infections caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii: A systematic review to inform the World Health Organization fungal priority pathogens list.Medical mycology · 2024Pooled it
- Global prevalence, mortality, and main characteristics of HIV-associated pneumocystosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review of the effects of intimate partner violence on HIV-positive pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- The prevalence of laboratory-confirmed Pneumocystis jirovecii in HIV-infected adults in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Medical mycology · 2021Pooled it
- Burden of Talaromyces marneffei infection in people living with HIV/AIDS in Asia during ART era: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Pooled it
- A decade of HIV care in rural Tanzania: Trends in clinical outcomes and impact of clinic optimisation in an open, prospective cohort.PloS one · 2017Trial
- Helminth Immune Modulation and Invasive Fungal Infections in Sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Construction of a Diagnostic Model for Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia in HIV-Negative Patients Based on Single-Center Patient Data.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Pulmonary Immunocompromise in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease.Clinics in chest medicine · 2025Review
- Insights into Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in South Africa (2018-2022).Medical mycology · 2025Article
- Article
- Description of a Murine Model of Pneumocystis Pneumonia.Mycopathologia · 2024Article
- Chest X-ray Features of HIV-AssociatedOpen forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Review
- Aetiological agents of pneumonia among HIV and non-HIV infected children in Ghana: A case-control study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Radiological predictors of PCP in HIV-positive adults in South Africa: A matched case-control study.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2024Article
- Fungal diseases in Africa: Closing the gaps in diagnosis and treatment through implementation research and advocacy.Journal de mycologie medicale · 2023Review
- Emerging and re-emerging fungal threats in Africa.Parasite immunology · 2023Review
- Clinical Impact of Noninvasive Plasma Microbial Cell-Free Deoxyribonucleic Acid Sequencing for the Diagnosis and Management ofOpen forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Invasive Fungal Diseases in Africa: A Critical Literature Review.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSeroprevalence data and clinical studies in children suggest that the burden of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in Africa may be underestimated. We performed a systematic review to determine the prevalence and attributable mortality of PCP amongst HIV-infected adults in sub-Saharan Africa.
methodsWe searched Pubmed, Web of Science, Africa-Wide: NiPAD and CINAHL, from Jan 1 1995 to June 1 2015, for studies that reported the prevalence, mortality or case fatality of PCP in HIV-infected adults living in sub-Saharan African countries. Prevalence data from individual studies were combined by random-effects meta-analysis according to the Mantel-Haenszel method. Data were stratified by clinical setting, diagnostic method, and study year.
resultsWe included 48 unique study populations comprising 6884 individuals from 18 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The pooled prevalence of PCP among 6018 patients from all clinical settings was 15 · 4 % (95 % CI 12 · 9-18 · 0), and was highest amongst inpatients, 22 · 4 % (95 % CI 17 · 2-27 · 7). More cases were identified by bronchoalveolar lavage, 21 · 0 % (15 · 0-27 · 0), compared with expectorated, 7 · 7 % (4 · 4-11 · 1), or induced sputum, 11 · 7 % (4 · 9-18 · 4). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used in 14 studies (n = 1686). There was a trend of decreasing PCP prevalence amongst inpatients over time, from 28 % (21-34) in the 1990s to 9 % (8-10) after 2005. The case fatality rate was 18 · 8 % (11 · 0-26 · 5), and PCP accounted for 6 · 5 % (3 · 7-9 · 3) of study deaths.
conclusionsPCP is an important opportunistic infection amongst HIV-infected adults in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly amongst patients admitted to hospital. Although prevalence appears to be decreasing, improved access to antiretroviral therapy and non-invasive diagnostics, such as PCR, are needed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.