SynthesisEBioMedicine2016
Meta-Analysis of the Luminal and Basal Subtypes of Bladder Cancer and the Identification of Signature Immunohistochemical Markers for Clinical Use.
Synthesis in EBioMedicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 204 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
204 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 337 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gene network profiling in muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Urologic oncology · 2022Pooled it
- HER2 expression in urothelial carcinoma, a systematic literature review.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Prognostic Power of a Tumor Differentiation Gene Signature for Bladder Urothelial Carcinomas.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2018Pooled it
- Phase II Clinical Chemoprevention Trial of Weekly Erlotinib before Bladder Cancer Surgery.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Trial
- A machine learning-guided epithelial plasticity score refines prognostication and immune-context stratification in muscle-invasive bladder cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Immunohistochemical evaluation of molecular subtypes in muscle invasive bladder cancer with demographic correlation.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- An Immunohistochemistry-Based Molecular Subtyping Approach for Capturing Clinical Outcome Heterogeneity in Bladder Cancer.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- ELF-3 and TSC-1 as potential markers of recurrence in low-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- NOTCH3 regulates myofibroblastic CAF differentiation via the P62-ROS signaling axis to promote bladder cancer progression.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Article
- Automated H-Scoring in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer IHC: An Internal Validation Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- TRIM29 is Critical for Bladder Cancer Progression and Modulates the Tumor-Immune Niche.Research square · 2026Article
- Connexin 32 constrains a mesenchymal-like switch in differentiated urothelium and luminal cancers.Life science alliance · 2026Article
- Immunohistochemistry scoring for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 can be used to predict pathological response to cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in a subset of immunohistochemically subtyped muscle-invasive bladder cancer.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2026Article
- Identification of RNA processing-related gene-based bladder cancer subtypes for prognosis and immune landscape assessment.Translational andrology and urology · 2026Article
- A Pilot Study Exploring Paraoxonase-1 Tissue Protein Expression and Circulating Levels in Bladder Cancer.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and implications of epithelial cell plasticity in the bladder.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- CT image-derived radiomics predicts molecular subtypes in bladder urothelial carcinoma: validation of a non-invasive classification strategy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Clinical utility of cell-free urine miR-93-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-31-5p for invasive urothelial carcinoma detection and immune signature-based subtyping.BMC urology · 2026Article
- Phenotypic discovery and therapeutic evaluation of anScience advances · 2026Article
- Immunohistochemistry-based risk stratification of upper tract urothelial carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
144 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIt has been suggested that bladder cancer can be divided into two molecular subtypes referred to as luminal and basal with distinct clinical behaviors and sensitivities to chemotherapy. We aimed to validate these subtypes in several clinical cohorts and identify signature immunohistochemical markers that would permit simple and cost-effective classification of the disease in primary care centers.
methodsWe analyzed genomic expression profiles of bladder cancer in three cohorts of fresh frozen tumor samples: MD Anderson (n=132), Lund (n=308), and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (n=408) to validate the expression signatures of luminal and basal subtypes and relate them to clinical follow-up data. We also used an MD Anderson cohort of archival bladder tumor samples (n=89) and a parallel tissue microarray to identify immunohistochemical markers that permitted the molecular classification of bladder cancer.
findingsBladder cancers could be assigned to two candidate intrinsic molecular subtypes referred to here as luminal and basal in all of the datasets analyzed. Luminal tumors were characterized by the expression signature similar to the intermediate/superficial layers of normal urothelium. They showed the upregulation of PPARγ target genes and the enrichment for FGFR3, ELF3, CDKN1A, and TSC1 mutations. In addition, luminal tumors were characterized by the overexpression of E-Cadherin, HER2/3, Rab-25, and Src. Basal tumors showed the expression signature similar to the basal layer of normal urothelium. They showed the upregulation of p63 target genes, the enrichment for TP53 and RB1 mutations, and overexpression of CD49, Cyclin B1, and EGFR. Survival analyses showed that the muscle-invasive basal bladder cancers were more aggressive when compared to luminal cancers. The immunohistochemical expressions of only two markers, luminal (GATA3) and basal (KRT5/6), were sufficient to identify the molecular subtypes of bladder cancer with over 90% accuracy.
interpretationThe molecular subtypes of bladder cancer have distinct clinical behaviors and sensitivities to chemotherapy, and a simple two-marker immunohistochemical classifier can be used for prognostic and therapeutic stratification.
fundingU.S. National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.