ArticlePloS one2016
Differentiating Smoking-Related Interstitial Fibrosis (SRIF) from Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP) with Emphysema Using CT Features Based on Pathologically Proven Cases.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Approach to the Evaluation and Management of Interstitial Lung Abnormalities: An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Statement.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Guideline
- Prognostic factors in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Pulmonary cystic destruction in systemic sclerosis and antisynthetase syndrome associated non-specific interstitial pneumonitis: a case series of a novel radiological phenotype.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2026Article
- Smoking-related interstitial fibrosis- a case series.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- The Epidemiology of Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema among Mid-Atlantic Veterans.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2025Article
- Understanding cystic lung lesions in smokers with interstitial lung disease: radiologic-pathological correlation.Insights into imaging · 2025Article
- Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: a narrative review.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema and lung transplantation: current evidence and future directions.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Article
- [Smoking-related interstitial lung disease : Radiological findings, histopathological correlations, and clinical observations].Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Interstitial Lung Abnormality in Asian Population.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2024Article
- Multidisciplinary Approach to the Diagnosis of Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias: Focus on the Pathologist's Key Role.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema: Comparative Evidence on a Complex Condition.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- [Smoking-related interstitial lung diseases].Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2022Review
- Syndrome of Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema: An Official ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Research Statement.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2022Article
- Interstitial Lung Abnormalities: What Radiologists Should Know.Korean journal of radiology · 2021Review
- A 54-Year-Old Man Presenting With Progressive Dyspnea and Interstitial Lung Abnormalities.Chest · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo differentiate smoking-related interstitial fibrosis (SRIF) from usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) with emphysema on CT in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) patients. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis study was approved by the institutional review board and informed consent was waived. We included 65 patients who underwent lung biopsy under the suspicion of UIP pattern on HRCT, and after radiologic-pathologic correlation, they were divided into three groups: UIP without emphysema (n = 30), UIP with emphysema (n = 26), and SRIF (n = 9). The quantitative extent of emphysema in the entire lung was visually assessed and fibrotic patterns were qualitatively analyzed based on six characteristics (asymmetry, juxta-subpleural sparing, emphysema beside the honeycombing area, absence of ground grass attenuation/reticulation in honeycombing area, inhomogeneous honeycombing, and absence of honeycombing in the upper lobes). Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for survival analysis, and logistic regression with a receiver operating characteristic curve was used to predict the possibility of SRIF.
resultsIn qualitative analysis of fibrotic patterns, SRIF tended to exhibit more than three of six fibrotic features, whereas UIP with emphysema demonstrated about two of these characteristics (p = 0.035). In addition, SRIF had a higher extent of emphysema than UIP with emphysema when they have same amount of fibrosis (p = 0.014). In patients with SRIF, 5-year survival rate was 85.7%, while it was 40.7% in UIP with emphysema patients (p = 0.035).
conclusionFibrotic CT patterns and survival rate differed between SRIF and UIP with emphysema among CPFE patients, which explains the variable prognosis of CPFE.
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