ArticlePloS one2016
Compared to Intermittant Claudication Critical Limb Ischemia Is Associated with Elevated Levels of Cytokines.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake on blood levels of omega-3s in people with chronic atherosclerotic disease: a systematic review.Nutrition reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Vasopressor-Associated Limb Ischemia Resulting in Quadruple Amputation in Suspected Septic Shock.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Systemic Inflammation and Malnutrition Define a High-Risk Phenotype in Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Association between aortic calcification and cytokine levels in patients with peripheral artery disease.Clinical and translational science · 2024Article
- The Association between Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and Peripheral Artery Disease Burden.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Article
- Inflammatory Cells in Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle of Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease or Chronic Venous Disease: A Prospective, Observational, and Histological Study.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Article
- Plasma Gut Microbe-Derived Metabolites Associated with Peripheral Artery Disease and Major Adverse Cardiac Events.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Standardized Whole Blood Assay and Bead-Based Cytokine Profiling Reveal Commonalities and Diversity of the Response to Bacteria and TLR Ligands in Cattle.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Subunits of C1Q Are Associated With the Progression of Intermittent Claudication to Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Regenerative Effects of Hypoxia Primed Flowable Placental Formulation in Muscle and Dermal Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Oroxylin a Attenuates Limb Ischemia by Promoting AngiogenesisFrontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- A Pro-Inflammatory Biomarker-Profile Predicts Amputation-Free Survival in Patients with Severe Limb Ischemia.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Review
- Prognostic Factors in Patients Treated with Drug-Coated Balloon Angioplasty for Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease.Vascular specialist international · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the advanced stage of peripheral artery disease (PAD) and associated with an extremely poor clinical outcome. In order to understand the possible role of circulating cytokines and poor outcome associated with CLI we compared the circulating cytokine profile of patients with CLI against patients with intermittent claudication (IC). The levels of 48 circulating cytokines were examined in 226 consecutive patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) admitted for elective, non-urgent, invasive treatment of IC or CLI. The PAD patient cohort was evenly distributed between subjects with IC (46.5%) and CLI (53.5%). As accustomed in PAD, CLI was associated with higher age, chronic kidney disease and diabetes when compared to IC (P < 0.01 for all). In multivariable linear regression modeling taking into account the baseline differences between IC and CLI groups CLI was independently associated with elevated levels of a large number of cytokines: IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-2Rα, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, G-CSF (P < 0.01 for all), and IL-2, IL-7, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, bFGF, VEGF, SCGF-β (P < 0.05 for all). The current findings indicate that CLI is associated with a circulating cytokine profile, which resembles serious medical conditions such as severe pancreatitis, sepsis, or even cancer. Compared to IC, CLI is a systemic inflammatory condition, which may explain the extremely poor outcome associated with it.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.