Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27610134›Full record

ArticleJournal of toxicology2016

Macro- and Microelemental Composition and Toxicity of Unsweetened Natural Cocoa Powder in Sprague-Dawley Rats.

Isaac Julius Asiedu-Gyekye, Samuel Frimpong-Manso, Benoit Banga N'guessan, Mahmood Abdulai Seidu, Paul Osei-Prempeh, Daniel Kwaku Boamah

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of toxicology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07109622 (A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Pilot Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of LN18178 on Improving Sperm Virility), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact, top 91% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07109622 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Pilot Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of LN18178 on Improving Sperm Virility (Sperm Motility, Sperm Concentration, and Sperm Morphology)

TypeinterventionalSponsorGENCOR Lifestage SolutionsRan2025 to 2026Enrolled40ConditionsHealthy Human VolunteersArmsLN18178, Placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Reproductive Toxicity ofJournal of toxicology · 2021
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Isaac Julius Asiedu-GyekyeDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ghana School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Legon, Ghana.ORCID 0000-0003-3902-5689
Samuel Frimpong-MansoDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Ghana School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Legon, Ghana.
Benoit Banga N'guessanDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ghana School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Legon, Ghana.ORCID 0000-0002-0749-2218
Mahmood Abdulai SeiduDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences (Pathology), School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana.
Paul Osei-PrempehDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ghana School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Legon, Ghana.
Daniel Kwaku BoamahGeological Survey Department, Accra, Ghana.
University of Ghana · GHGhana Meteorological Agency · GH

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Unsweetened natural cocoa powder (UNCP) is a pulverized high-grade powder of compressed solid blocks which remains after extraction. Little scientific data is available concerning its safety despite the presence of potential toxic elements. Elemental composition in UNCP was analyzed with ED-XRF spectroscopy. Single oral high dose toxicity study was conducted on adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (150 g) by the limit test method. One group received water and the test group 2000 mg/kg UNCP. All animals were observed for 14 days and then euthanized for haematological, biochemical, and histopathological examinations. Thirty-eight (38) elements were found in UNCP. There was an increase in HDL cholesterol (p < 0.05), reduction in LDL cholesterol (p > 0.05), alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.05), and creatinine levels, and slight increase in urea levels (p > 0.05). Haematological changes were not significant. Histopathological analysis showed no toxic effect on the heart, liver, kidney, lungs, testis, and spleen. Intestinal erosion was observed in the test group. UNCP appears to be relatively safe when taken as a single oral high dose of 2000 mg/kg b.w.t. in rats. Caution should however be exercised at high doses due to the high elemental content of copper and high possibility of intestinal lining erosion.

Identifiers

PMID27610134
PMCPMC5005771
OpenAlexW2510757214

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.