ReviewFrontiers in physiology2016
Human Skeletal Muscle Disuse Atrophy: Effects on Muscle Protein Synthesis, Breakdown, and Insulin Resistance-A Qualitative Review.
Review in Frontiers in physiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04792307 (Feasibility RCT of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation; an Intervention to Maintain and Improve neuroMuscular Function During Periods of Immobility), which is not on this map. Cited by 109 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Feasibility RCT of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation; an Intervention to Maintain and Improve neuroMuscular Function During Periods of Immobility
Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 183 citations in OpenAlex.
- Naturally Occurring Osteoarthritis Features and Treatments: Systematic Review on the Aged Guinea Pig Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Artificial gravity during prolonged bed rest preserves resting metabolic rate but not muscle function: Evidence from the BRACE study.The Journal of physiology · 2026Trial
- Improving rehabilitation in sarcopenia: a randomized-controlled trial utilizing a muscle-targeted food for special medical purposes.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2020Trial
- Muscle protein breakdown is impaired during immobilization compared to during a subsequent retraining period in older men: no effect of anti-inflammatory medication.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2020Trial
- Impact of dairy protein during limb immobilization and recovery on muscle size and protein synthesis; a randomized controlled trial.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2018Trial
- Prevalence of Strength Deficits of Core and Hip Stabilizers in Knee Osteoarthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study.Musculoskeletal care · 2026Article
- Medial gastrocnemius activation during graded axial hypergravity induced by short-arm human centrifugation.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Characterizing Metabolic and Compositional Heterogeneity of Calf Muscle Using CEST MRI at 3 T.NMR in biomedicine · 2026Article
- Putting the brakes on muscle growth: Myostatin as regulator of disuse atrophy.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- Persistent Human Quadriceps Muscle Volume Deficits Following ACL Reconstruction Are Associated With No Detectable Between-Leg Differences in Vastus Lateralis Muscle Signaling at Rest or Immediately Following Resistance Exercise.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2026Article
- Influence of Immobilization, Stretching, and Activity on Isometric Muscle Strength and Gait in Young People with Spastic Cerebral Palsy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Combined Effects of Protein/Fat Deficiency and Disuse on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function in Mice.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2026Article
- Impact of 14 days of head-down bed rest and an exercise countermeasure on skeletal muscle atrophy, proteome and circulatory cytokines in older adults.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Influence of Immobilization, Stretching, and Activity on the Morphological Properties of Spastic Gastrocnemius Muscles.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Degenerative Gastrocnemius Muscle Changes in a Goat Tibial Ostectomy Model Persist 10 Months After Splint Removal.Muscles (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Age-Related Anabolic Resistance: Nutritional and Exercise Strategies, and Potential Relevance to Life-Long Exercisers.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Article
- Integrated muscle protein synthesis during disuse and rehabilitation in late-midlife adults.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2025Article
- Integration of Transcriptomic Analysis, Network Pharmacology, and Experimental Validation Demonstrates Enhanced Muscle-Protective Effects of Ethanol Extract of Jakyak-Gamcho-Tang.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Chronic systemic inflammation by peptidoglycan-polysaccharide induces skeletal muscle atrophy in male and ovariectomized C57BL/6J mice.Physiological reports · 2025Article
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The ever increasing burden of an aging population and pandemic of metabolic syndrome worldwide demands further understanding of the modifiable risk factors in reducing disability and morbidity associated with these conditions. Disuse skeletal muscle atrophy (sometimes referred to as "simple" atrophy) and insulin resistance are "non-pathological" events resulting from sedentary behavior and periods of enforced immobilization e.g., due to fractures or elective orthopedic surgery. Yet, the processes and drivers regulating disuse atrophy and insulin resistance and the associated molecular events remain unclear-especially in humans. The aim of this review is to present current knowledge of relationships between muscle protein turnover, insulin resistance and muscle atrophy during disuse, principally in humans. Immobilization lowers fasted state muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and induces fed-state "anabolic resistance." While a lack of dynamic measurements of muscle protein breakdown (MPB) precludes defining a definitive role for MPB in disuse atrophy, some proteolytic "marker" studies (e.g., MPB genes) suggest a potential early elevation. Immobilization also induces muscle insulin resistance (IR). Moreover, the trajectory of muscle atrophy appears to be accelerated in persistent IR states (e.g., Type II diabetes), suggesting IR may contribute to muscle disuse atrophy under these conditions. Nonetheless, the role of differences in insulin sensitivity across distinct muscle groups and its effects on rates of atrophy remains unclear. Multifaceted time-course studies into the collective role of insulin resistance and muscle protein turnover in the setting of disuse muscle atrophy, in humans, are needed to facilitate the development of appropriate countermeasures and efficacious rehabilitation protocols.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.