ArticleTobacco control2017
Use of imagery and text that could convey reduced harm in American Spirit advertisements.
Article in Tobacco control, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Greenwashed Cigarette Ad Text and Imagery Produce Inaccurate Harm, Addictiveness, and Nicotine Content Perceptions: Results From a Randomized Online Experiment.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Trial
- Tobacco Advertising Features That May Contribute to Product Appeal Among US Adolescents and Young Adults.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Trial
- Adolescents' Health Perceptions of Natural American Spirit's On-the-Pack Eco-Friendly Campaign.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2021Trial
- Attitudinal Spillover from Misleading Natural Cigarette Marketing: An Experiment Examining Current and Former Smokers' Support for Tobacco Industry Regulation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Trial
- A descriptive content analysis of greenwashing tactics used in US cigarette advertisements between 2019-2023.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2026Article
- A content analysis of cannabis edibles package marketing in the United States.The International journal on drug policy · 2024Article
- From "Additive-Free" to "Tobacco & Water": Assessing the Impact of Marketing Claim Changes on Natural American Spirit and L&M Cigarettes.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Doing more with less: A proposal to advance cigarette packaging regulations in the United States.The International journal on drug policy · 2024Article
- Organic, Earth-Friendly Tobacco With a Charcoal Filter and Smooth Taste: A Randomized Experiment Testing Effects of Natural American Spirit's "Sky" Cigarette Advertising on Consumer Perceptions.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Outdoor Medical Cannabis Advertising in Oklahoma: Examining Regulatory Compliance and Social Meanings in Billboard Content.Substance use & misuse · 2023Review
- Associations between perceived source credibility, e-cigarettes, and e-cigarette ad perceptions.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Article
- Popularity of natural American Spirit cigarettes is greater in U.S. cities with lower smoking prevalence.Addictive behaviors · 2020Article
- Following in the footsteps of Natural American Spirit: the emergence of Manitou cigarettes.Tobacco control · 2020Article
- Characterizing #Backwoods on Instagram: "The Number One Selling All Natural Cigar".International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- People in E-Cigarette Ads Attract More Attention: An Eye-Tracking Study.Tobacco regulatory science · 2020Article
- "Organic," "Natural," and "Additive-Free" Cigarettes: Comparing the Effects of Advertising Claims and Disclaimers on Perceptions of Harm.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Article
- Interest in "organic," "natural," and "additive-free" cigarettes after hearing about toxic chemicals in cigarette smoke.PloS one · 2019Article
- Vaping associated with healthy food words: A content analysis of Twitter.Addictive behaviors reports · 2018Article
- Standardised cigarette packaging may reduce the implied safety of Natural American Spirit cigarettes.Tobacco control · 2018Article
- Tobacco industry misappropriation of American Indian culture and traditional tobacco.Tobacco control · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration issued warning letters to three tobacco companies regarding use of the terms 'natural' and/or 'additive-free' to describe their products, as these terms inaccurately convey reduced harm. Yet, tobacco companies engage in a variety of alternate techniques to attempt to convey the same 'natural' (and thus reduced harm) message. It is critical to monitor these practices to inform regulatory action.
objectiveTo describe the marketing techniques used in Natural American Spirit (American Spirit) ads that could convey a natural and less harmful product image.
methodsTrained coders content analysed 142 American Spirit ads from 2012 to 2016.
resultsIn addition to use of the terms 'natural' and 'additive-free', American Spirit ads engage in a variety of other linguistic and iconic techniques that could convey reduced harm, such as references to small, local or organic farming, eco-friendly practices, and plant, farming and other nature-related imagery.
conclusionsAmerican Spirit ads use a wide range of marketing techniques to convey a natural product image, which could subsequently communicate reduced harm.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.