ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2016
The Global Economic and Health Burden of Human Hookworm Infection.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 156 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of hookworm infection and its proportion among pregnant women with intestinal helminth infection in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Hookworm infection and its determinants among schoolchildren in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Maternal Hookworm Infection and Its Effects on Maternal Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Pooled it
- The Strongyloides stercoralis-hookworms association as a path to the estimation of the global burden of strongyloidiasis: A systematic review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Pooled it
- Na-GST-1 adsorbed on Alhydrogel co-administered with different Toll-like receptor agonists in hookworm-naive adults using a controlled human infection model in the USA: a phase 2, double-blind, randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Effectiveness of the BALatrine intervention on soil-transmitted helminth infections in Central Java, Indonesia: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- The impact of dual- versus single-dosing and fatty food co-administration on albendazole efficacy against hookworm among children in Mayuge district, Uganda: Results from a 2x2 factorial randomised controlled trial.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Trial
- Vaccination of human participants with attenuated Necator americanus hookworm larvae and human challenge in Australia: a dose-finding study and randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2021Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of Albendazole in Hookworm-infected Preschool-aged Children, School-aged Children, and Adults in Côte d'Ivoire: A Phase 2 Randomized, Controlled Dose-finding Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Trial
- Efficacy of a single dose versus a multiple dose regimen of Mebendazole against hookworm infections among school children: a randomized open-label trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Trial
- The impact of traumatic injuries on work productivity and economic burden among post-hospitalisation patients in Vietnam.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Associated Factors Among Psychiatric Patients at Debre Tabor Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Heavy burden of soil-transmitted helminth infections in a remote and impoverished indigenous community of Honduras revealed by real time polymerase chain reaction.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
- Prevalence and predisposing factors of hookworm infection and anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Dawuro Zone, Southwest Ethiopia: an institution-based cross-sectional study.Parasitology research · 2026Article
- HOOKSNIP: A BROWSER TOOL FOR DESIGNING ALLELE-SPECIFIC PCR PRIMERS IN HOOKWORM.The Journal of parasitology · 2026Article
- Hookworm genomic diversity and population structure from accessible sample types: A validated approach to generate genome-wide polymorphism datasets from individual third-stage larvae.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Drug repurposing to combat multidrug-resistant hookworm.Biology open · 2026Article
- Molecular taxonomic characterisation ofFrontiers in parasitology · 2026Article
- Burden of anaemia in displaced women and children in refugee settings worldwide, update for 2017-2024: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Comprehensive developmental somatic proteome atlas of Haemonchus contortus underpinned by a chromosome-scale genome and deep tandem mass spectrometry.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEven though human hookworm infection is highly endemic in many countries throughout the world, its global economic and health impact is not well known. Without a better understanding of hookworm's economic burden worldwide, it is difficult for decision makers such as funders, policy makers, disease control officials, and intervention manufacturers to determine how much time, energy, and resources to invest in hookworm control. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE
findingsWe developed a computational simulation model to estimate the economic and health burden of hookworm infection in every country, WHO region, and globally, in 2016 from the societal perspective. Globally, hookworm infection resulted in a total 2,126,280 DALYs using 2004 disability weight estimates and 4,087,803 DALYs using 2010 disability weight estimates (excluding cognitive impairment outcomes). Including cognitive impairment did not significantly increase DALYs worldwide. Total productivity losses varied with the probability of anemia and calculation method used, ranging from $7.5 billion to $138.9 billion annually using gross national income per capita as a proxy for annual wages and ranging from $2.5 billion to $43.9 billion using minimum wage as a proxy for annual wages.
conclusionEven though hookworm is classified as a neglected tropical disease, its economic and health burden exceeded published estimates for a number of diseases that have received comparatively more attention than hookworm such as rotavirus. Additionally, certain large countries that are transitioning to higher income countries such as Brazil and China, still face considerable hookworm burden.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.