ArticleThe Analysis of verbal behavior2015
The Functional Independence of Mands and Tacts: Has It Been Demonstrated Empirically?
Article in The Analysis of verbal behavior, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Relations between Verbal Self-Stimulation, Stimulus Modality, and Accuracy in an Operant Task.The Analysis of verbal behavior · 2024Article
- Analyzing the Functional Interdependence of Verbal Behavior with Multiaxial Radar Charts.Perspectives on behavior science · 2024Article
- Culturally Responsive Language Assessment Through a Verbal Operant Experimental Analysis.Behavior analysis (Washington, D.C.) · 2023Article
- Cochran's Q Test of Stimulus Overselectivity within the Verbal Repertoire of Children with Autism.Perspectives on behavior science · 2022Article
- Search and Selection Procedures of Literature Reviews in Behavior Analysis.Perspectives on behavior science · 2020Article
- The Verbal Behavior Stimulus Control Ratio Equation: a Quantification of Language.Perspectives on behavior science · 2019Article
- The Generalization of Mands.The Analysis of verbal behavior · 2017Article
- Authorship Trends inThe Analysis of verbal behavior · 2017Article
- A Bibliographic Tribute to Jack Michael.The Analysis of verbal behavior · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
Recently, there has been a proliferation of research on the functional independence of two of Skinner's (1957) verbal operants, the mand, and the tact. This research has produced highly variable results. In this article, we provide a critical review of the literature on mand-tact independence, a literature that has implications for both theory and practice. Included in the review are 17 studies with a total of 66 participants who were tested for mand emergence following tact training, tact emergence following mand training, or both, and 11 additional studies that systematically manipulated variables expected to affect the outcomes of such tests. A primary finding is that most studies to date suffer from problems with construct validity. However, it may be justifiable to conclude that the literature provides at least weak support for the functional independence of mands and tacts. Future investigators should avoid the major construct validity pitfalls described in this article, describe participant characteristics more thoroughly, and consider alternative approaches to studying mand-tact independence.
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