ArticleJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology2016
The effect of chitosan nanospheres on the immunogenicity of Toxoplasma lysate vaccine in mice.
Article in Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toxoplasmosis: Epidemiological Significance, Economic Burden, and Emerging Directions in Drug Discovery and Artificial Intelligence.International journal of microbiology · 2026Review
- Co-delivery of spiramycin and curcumin nanoemulsions for treating acute (RH strain) and chronic (Tehran strain) toxoplasmosis in BALB/c mice.Parasitology research · 2025Article
- Comparative evaluation of live attenuated and killed tachyzoites as vaccine candidates for toxoplasmosis.AMB Express · 2025Article
- Vaccination with Toxoplasma lysate antigen or its encapsulated niosomes form immunomodulates adjuvant-induced arthritis through JAK3 downregulation.Inflammopharmacology · 2023Article
- Zinc oxide nanoparticles produced by Zingiber officinale ameliorates acute toxoplasmosis-induced pathological and biochemical alterations and reduced parasite burden in mice model.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Immunomodulatory effects of chronic trichinellosis onPathogens and global health · 2023Article
- The synergetic potential of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus fermentum probiotics in alleviating the outcome of acute toxoplasmosis in mice.Parasitology research · 2023Article
- Synthesis, Characterization and Nanoformulation of Novel Sulfonamide-1,2,3-triazole Molecular Conjugates as Potent Antiparasitic Agents.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Nano vaccines forFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Article
- Effect of chitosan onParasite epidemiology and control · 2020Review
- Ginsenoside Rh2 attenuates microglial activation against toxoplasmic encephalitis via TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.Journal of ginseng research · 2020Article
- Development of Next GenerationVaccines · 2020Review
- Chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles as adjuvant in local Rift Valley Fever inactivated vaccine.3 Biotech · 2020Article
- How the Lack of Chitosan Characterization Precludes Implementation of the Safe-by-Design Concept.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Review
- Anti-Bioscience reports · 2019Article
- Assessment of spiramycin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles treatment on acute and chronic toxoplasmosis in mice.Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2018Article
- Effect of Chitosan and Liposome Nanoparticles as Adjuvant Codelivery on the Immunoglobulin G Subclass Distribution in a Mouse Model.Journal of immunology research · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic parasitic disease, is a huge challenge for which there is no effective vaccine up till now. In this study, chitosan nanospheres encapsulated with Toxoplasma lysate vaccine was evaluated for its ability to protect mice against both acute and chronic toxoplasmosis models of infection. Results showed that chitosan nanospheres were equally effective to Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) in enhancing the efficacy of Toxoplasma lysate vaccine. The effectiveness was demonstrated by the delayed death of vaccinated mice following challenge either with virulent RH or avirulent Me49 strains, the significant decrease in parasite density in different organs, significant increase in the humoral and cellular immune response (IgG and IFN γ) with a marked reduction of pathological changes in the different organs. However chitosan nanospheres were superior to FIA due to their cost effective preparation and much less necrotic changes induced in the studied organs. The success of chitosan polymer as an alternative to commonly used adjuvants paves the way for the use of other newly developed polymers to be used in the field of vaccine development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.