SynthesisInternational journal of epidemiology2017
Fetal sex-specific differences in gestational age at delivery in pre-eclampsia: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in International journal of epidemiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Towards the Development of a Conceptual Framework of the Determinants of Pre-Eclampsia: A Hierarchical Systematic Review of Biomarkers.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Pooled it
- The influence of fetal sex on maternal blood pressure in pregnancy.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Sex differences in the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and pulmonary hypertension: a Bayesian meta-analysis.Pediatric research · 2025Pooled it
- Fetal sex and maternal pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Biology of sex differences · 2020Pooled it
- Sexual Dimorphism in Placental mTORC1 Signaling, Amino Acid Transport, and Mitochondrial Respiration at Term.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Preconception Blood Pressure and Sex of the Baby: A Large Prospective Cohort Study in China.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2026Article
- Free Fetal Haemoglobin in Severe Early-Onset Fetal Growth Restriction: A Prospective Multi-Centre Study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2026Article
- Prenatal Glucose Intolerance and Child Neurodevelopmental Disorders.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Male newborn as a determinant of severe preeclampsia: a case-control study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Association of placental mitochondrial DNA mutations on infant negative affectivity: modifying effects of maternal lifetime stress and infant sex.Biology of sex differences · 2025Article
- The role of sex differences in cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune functions in health and disease: a review for "Sex Differences in Health Awareness Day".Biology of sex differences · 2025Review
- Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure and preeclampsia risk: Impaired angiogenesis through suppression of VEGF signaling.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Higher prevalence of gestational diabetes in euthyroid women with thyroid autoimmunity who were expecting a female fetus.European thyroid journal · 2025Article
- Comparison of Characteristics Between Early-Onset and Late-Onset Severe Preeclampsia: A Retrospective Cohort Study from a Tertiary Hospital in China.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2025Article
- Review
- Sex Differences in Impacts of Early Gestational and Peri-Adolescent Ozone Exposure on Lung Development in Rats: Implications for Later Life Disease in Humans.The American journal of pathology · 2024Article
- Fetal Sexual Dimorphism and Preeclampsia Among Twin Pregnancies.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2024Article
- Impact of sex, race, and social determinants of health on neonatal outcomes.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Review
- Inflammatory Conditions During Pregnancy and Risk of Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 9 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: : Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a major pregnancy disorder complicating up to 8% of pregnancies. Increasing evidence indicates a sex-specific interplay between the mother, placenta and fetus. This may lead to different adaptive mechanisms during pregnancy. Methods: We performed an individual participant data meta-analysis to determine associations of fetal sex and PE, with specific focus on gestational age at delivery in PE. This was done on 219 575 independent live-born singleton pregnancies, with a gestational age at birth between 22.0 and 43.0 weeks of gestation, from 11 studies participating in a worldwide consortium of international research groups focusing on pregnancy. Results: Of the women, 9033 (4.1%) experienced PE in their pregnancy and 48.8% of the fetuses were female versus 51.2% male. No differences in the female/male distribution were observed with respect to term PE (delivered ≥ 37 weeks). Preterm PE (delivered < 37 weeks) was slightly more prevalent among pregnancies with a female fetus than in pregnancies with a male fetus [odds ratio (OR) 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.21]. Very preterm PE (delivered < 34 weeks) was even more prevalent among pregnancies with a female fetus as compared with pregnancies with a male fetus (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.17-1.59). Conclusions: Sexual dimorphic differences in the occurrence of PE exist, with preterm PE being more prevalent among pregnancies with a female fetus as compared with pregnancies with a male fetus and with no differences with respect to term PE.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.