ReviewNature reviews. Disease primers2016
Otitis media.
Review in Nature reviews. Disease primers, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 286 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
286 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 554 citations in OpenAlex.
- Decongestants and antihistamines for acute otitis media in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Topical versus systemic antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Antibiotics versus topical antiseptics for chronic suppurative otitis media.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Aural toilet (ear cleaning) for chronic suppurative otitis media.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Topical antiseptics for chronic suppurative otitis media.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Topical antibiotics with steroids for chronic suppurative otitis media.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Topical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Antimicrobial Chemoprophylaxis for Recurrent Acute Otitis Media in Children.Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Antibiotic treatment to prevent pediatric acute otitis media infectious complications: A meta-analysis.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Ventilation tubes (grommets) for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Adenoidectomy for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Dysregulation of immune response in otitis media.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Preventing otitis media and respiratory tract infections with the oral probiotic Streptococcus salivarius K12.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Trial
- Otitis media sequelae and hearing in adolescence after administration of an 11-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine in infancy: a prospective cohort study with long-term follow-up of the ARIVAC trial.The Lancet. Child & adolescent health · 2024Trial
- Effects of online social media on improving mothers' behaviors towards preventing their children's otitis media based on the PRECED model: a randomized educational intervention trial.BMC pediatrics · 2023Trial
- Acute otitis media symptoms and symptom scales in research with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children.PloS one · 2023Trial
- Middle Ear Bacterial Colonization and Recurrence of Radiation-Induced OME: A Prospective Study.The Laryngoscope · 2026Observational
- A bacterial pangenome association study identifies a role for polyamine metabolism and alkaline tolerance in middle ear infections.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
226 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) or middle ear inflammation is a spectrum of diseases, including acute otitis media (AOM), otitis media with effusion (OME; 'glue ear') and chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). OM is among the most common diseases in young children worldwide. Although OM may resolve spontaneously without complications, it can be associated with hearing loss and life-long sequelae. In developing countries, CSOM is a leading cause of hearing loss. OM can be of bacterial or viral origin; during 'colds', viruses can ascend through the Eustachian tube to the middle ear and pave the way for bacterial otopathogens that reside in the nasopharynx. Diagnosis depends on typical signs and symptoms, such as acute ear pain and bulging of the tympanic membrane (eardrum) for AOM and hearing loss for OME; diagnostic modalities include (pneumatic) otoscopy, tympanometry and audiometry. Symptomatic management of ear pain and fever is the mainstay of AOM treatment, reserving antibiotics for children with severe, persistent or recurrent infections. Management of OME largely consists of watchful waiting, with ventilation (tympanostomy) tubes primarily for children with chronic effusions and hearing loss, developmental delays or learning difficulties. The role of hearing aids to alleviate symptoms of hearing loss in the management of OME needs further study. Insertion of ventilation tubes and adenoidectomy are common operations for recurrent AOM to prevent recurrences, but their effectiveness is still debated. Despite reports of a decline in the incidence of OM over the past decade, attributed to the implementation of clinical guidelines that promote accurate diagnosis and judicious use of antibiotics and to pneumococcal conjugate vaccination, OM continues to be a leading cause for medical consultation, antibiotic prescription and surgery in high-income countries.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.