Trial reportJournal of neurology2016
Immunoadsorption or plasma exchange in the treatment of autoimmune encephalitis: a pilot study.
Trial report in Journal of neurology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guidelines on the Use of Therapeutic Apheresis in Clinical Practice-Evidence-Based Approach From the Writing Committee of the American Society for Apheresis: The Tenth Special Issue.Journal of clinical apheresis · 2026Guideline
- Contactin-associated protein-like 2 antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis in children: case reports and systematic review of literature.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy of immunotherapy and prognosis in anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients: A meta-analysis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Second-line immunotherapy and functional outcomes in autoimmune encephalitis: A systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis.Epilepsia · 2022Pooled it
- Clinical Features and Therapeutic Effects of Anti-leucine-rich Glioma Inactivated 1 Encephalitis: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Efficacy of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Patients with Severe Refractory Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2019Trial
- Article
- Clinical utility of human leukocyte antigen genotyping and immunoglobulin G4 autoantibody testing in autoimmune neurological diseases: A focused minireview.World journal of biological chemistry · 2026Review
- Modulation of Cytokines and Immune Cells by Plasma Exchange in Patients With Certain Autoimmune Neurological Diseases.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- Comparing the efficacy of first-line immunotherapies in autoimmune encephalitis: a scoping review.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Multimodal temporal dissociation in anti-GABAFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Adaptive immune dysregulation drives new-onset refractory status epilepticus.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Clinical efficacy and immunomodulation of double-filtration plasmapheresis in autoimmune encephalitis: A prospective study highlighting the importance of timely initiation.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2025Article
- Overlapping autoimmune encephalitis with tripartite autoantibody positivity (NMDAR, GFAP, mGluR5) associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma: a case report.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Article
- Immunotherapy for autoimmune encephalitis.Cell death discovery · 2025Review
- Efficacy of rituximab as second-line therapy for autoimmune encephalitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Heliyon · 2025Article
- Intermittent immunoadsorption in critically ill patients with neuroimmunological disorders: a retrospective study.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Efficacy of double filtration plasmapheresis in the treatment of steroid and/or IVIG unresponsive neuronal surface antibodies associated autoimmune encephalitis.BMC neurology · 2024Article
- Development of a novel nomogram for predicting prognosis of North Chinese with autoimmune cerebellar ataxia.Annals of medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Therapeutic apheresis has emerged as a major treatment option for autoantibody-associated inflammatory diseases of the nervous system. This includes patients with autoimmune encephalitides caused by antibodies against neuronal proteins. Plasma exchange (PE) and immunoadsorption (IA) constitute two possibilities to eliminate pathogenic antibodies from patients' plasma, but their efficacy and safety has not been prospectively assessed in larger patient groups of autoimmune encephalitides. In a prospective observational case control study, we, therefore, investigated the disease courses and treatment effects of 21 patients with autoimmune encephalitis associated with NMDAR, LGI1, CASPR2, GAD, mGluR5 and Hu antibodies. Patients were randomly assigned to receive PE (n = 11) or IA (n = 10). Symptoms were evaluated using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Side effects or adverse events were recorded. Both interventions, IA (p = 0.014) and PE (p = 0.01), resulted in significant reduction of the median mRS. With IA, 60 % of the patients improved clinically by at least 1 mRS score, none worsened. PE led to a comparable symptom reduction in 67 % of the cases. During 83 PE sessions, three adverse events were documented, while no side effects occurred under IA. Symptom improvement was significantly associated with younger age (r = -0.58), but not with disease duration. Therapeutic apheresis was most effective for neuronal surface antigens (83.3 %), followed by intracellular-synaptic antigens (66.7 %). Both IA and PE resulted in moderate to marked clinical improvement, with a low rate of adverse events. Apheresis is well tolerated and effective also as first-line therapy in autoimmune encephalitis, particularly in patients with antibodies targeting neuronal surfaces.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.