ReviewCurrent neurology and neuroscience reports2016
Post-Craniotomy Pain Management: Beyond Opioids.
Review in Current neurology and neuroscience reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pre-emptive Scalp Infiltration With Dexamethasone Plus Ropivacaine vs. Ropivacaine for Relief of Postoperative Pain After Craniotomy in Adults
Parecoxib as an Adjuvant to Scalp Nerve Blocks for Relief of Post-craniotomy Pain
Pre-emptive Scalp Infiltration With Diprospan Plus Ropivacaine for Postoperative Pain After Craniotomy in Adults
Effects of Pre-emptive Scalp Infiltration With Ropivacaine and Methylprednisolone- Ropivacaine on Pain After Craniotomy in Adults
Triamcinolone Acetonide as an Adjuvant to Pre-emptive Scalp Infiltration for Relief of Post-craniotomy Pain in Adults
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevention of Post-Operative Pain after Elective Brain Surgery: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Pooled it
- Pharmacological interventions for the prevention of acute postoperative pain in adults following brain surgery.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Sedation and analgesia in post-cardiac arrest care: a post hoc analysis of the TTM2 trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Trial
- Management of Postoperative Pain after Elective Craniotomy: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial of a Neurosurgical Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) Program.International journal of medical sciences · 2020Trial
- Retrospective Study of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment on Length of Stay and Opioid Use After Vestibular Schwannoma Resection.Otology & neurotology open · 2025Article
- Effect of pre-incisional infiltration with bupivacaine liposome for postoperative pain in patients undergoing acoustic neuroma surgery: study protocol for a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Scalp block versus intravenous parecoxib for post-operative cranioplasty surgery pain: A comparison of pain scores and morphine requirements.Surgical neurology international · 2025Article
- Unpacking the 2023 American Heart Association Guidelines: The Ascendancy of Neuroendovascular and Neurocritical Care in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Management.Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Article
- Preoperatively administered single dose of dexketoprofen decreases pain intensity on the first 5 days after craniotomy: A single-centre placebo-controlled, randomized trial.Translational neuroscience · 2023Article
- Anesthesia and analgesia for experimental craniotomy in mice and rats: a systematic scoping review comparing the years 2009 and 2019.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Article
- Ropivacaine instillation through subgaleal drain: A novel approach for acute post-craniotomy pain.Indian journal of anaesthesia · 2022Article
- Postcraniotomy Headache: Etiologies and Treatments.Current pain and headache reports · 2022Review
- Effect of scalp nerve block with ropivacaine on postoperative pain in pediatric patients undergoing craniotomy: A randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Toxicity of the acetyl-para-aminophenol group of medicines to intact intervertebral disc tissue cells.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Article
- Analgesia in the Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Review
- Pre-Emptive Incision-Site Infiltration with Ropivacaine Plus Dexamethasone for Postoperative Pain After Supratentorial Craniotomy: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of pain research · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Craniotomy pain may be severe and is often undertreated. Pain management following craniotomy is a balancing act of achieving adequate analgesia but avoiding sedation, respiratory depression, hypercapnia, nausea and vomiting, and hypertension. Opioids are a first-line analgesic therapy; however, concern that opioid-related adverse effects (sedation, respiratory depression) may interfere with neurologic assessment and increase intracranial pressure has limited use of these drugs for intracranial surgery. Non-opioid analgesics avoid these effects and may be useful as part of a multimodal regimen for post-craniotomy pain. Regional scalp blocks, paracetamol, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are beneficial in the early post-operative period. Recent studies suggest a role for novel analgesics: dexmedetomidine, gabapentinoids, and ketamine, though additional studies are necessary.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.