ArticleJournal of women's health (2002)2017
Detrimental Effects of Higher Body Mass Index and Smoking Habits on Menstrual Cycles in Korean Women.
Article in Journal of women's health (2002), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epidemiology and associated factors of abnormal uterine bleeding among reproductive-age women: evidence from Woldia City, Northeast Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Menstrual irregularity and associated factors among female adolescents in Somali region high schools Ethiopia 2023.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Menstrual Disorders in Korean Women.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The association between dietary diversity and patterns in Chinese university students with abnormal uterine bleeding: a cross-sectional study.Nutrition & metabolism · 2024Article
- Determinants and Assessment of Menstrual Blood Flow.Current epidemiology reports · 2023Article
- Effectiveness of an Integrated Mobile Application for Lifestyle Modifications in Overweight Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Relationship between depressive symptoms and self-reported menstrual irregularities during adolescence: evidence from UDAYA, 2016.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Menstrual Cycle Patterns and the Prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Korean Young Adult Women.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Relationships between menstrual status and obesity phenotypes in women: a cross-sectional study in northern China.BMC endocrine disorders · 2020Article
- [Prevalence of Menstrual Disorders according to Body Mass Index and Lifestyle Factors: The National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort in Korea, 2009~2016].Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing · 2020Review
- Menstrual Cycle Characteristics and Premenstrual Syndrome Prevalence Based on the Daily Record of Severity of Problems in Korean Young Adult Women.Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing · 2020Article
- Premenstrual Syndrome Is Associated with Dietary and Lifestyle Behaviors among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study from Sharjah, UAE.Nutrients · 2019Article
- MC4R variant rs17782313 and manifestation of obese phenotype in Pakistani females.RSC advances · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlteration of menstrual cycle by individual lifestyles and unfavorable habits may cause menstrual irregularity. We aimed to investigate the relationship between lifestyle factors and menstrual irregularity in Korean women using data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2010-2012. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis cross-sectional study included 3779 nondiabetic Korean women aged 19-49 years who did not take any oral contraceptives or sex hormonal compounds. We examined the association of menstrual irregularity with age, body mass index (BMI), drinking experience, and smoking habits.
resultsAge, Asian BMI, marriage status, age at menarche, and smoking habits were significantly associated with menstrual cycle irregularity (p < 0.01). The prevalence of menstrual irregularity was significantly increased at younger ages: 18.4%, 10.3%, and 10.5% at 19-29, 30-39, and 40-49 years, respectively. Moreover, obesity groups, defined as per Asian BMI using modified WHO criteria, were strongly associated with menstrual irregularity. BMI 25.0-29.9 [obesity class I] (adjusted odds ratios [OR], 1.94; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.37-2.74) and ≥30.0 [obesity class II] (adjusted OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.22-3.91) presented significantly higher risk of menstrual irregularity compared with BMI 18.5-22.9 [normal weight]. Multivariable analysis revealed that high BMI in younger women aged 19-29 years (p < 0.001) and smoking habits in middle-aged women aged 30-39 years (p < 0.005) significantly predicted menstrual irregularity.
conclusionThis study substantiated that menstrual irregularity was closely associated with higher BMI and smoking habits in nondiabetic Korean women. Weight loss and smoking cessation should be recommended to promote women's reproductive health.
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