ArticlePloS one2016
Rhamnose Links Moonlighting Proteins to Membrane Phospholipid in Mycoplasmas.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Surface protein glycosylation conserved in the human pathogen Mycoplasma genitalium and retained in the synthetic organism JCVI-Syn3A.PloS one · 2025Article
- Characterization of Molecular Chaperone GroEL as a Potential Virulence Factor inFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- T-DNA insertion mutagenesis inMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2023Article
- Sharing of Moonlighting Proteins Mediates the Symbiotic Relationship among Intestinal Commensals.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Sequestration of a dual function DNA-binding protein byProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Toward the Complete Functional Characterization of a Minimal Bacterial Proteome.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2022Article
- NADH oxidase of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae functions as a potential mediator of virulence.BMC veterinary research · 2022Article
- Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide-Dependent Flavin Oxidoreductase ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Integrative characterization of the near-minimal bacterium Mesoplasma florum.Molecular systems biology · 2020Article
- Moonlighting Proteins at the Candidal Cell Surface.Microorganisms · 2020Review
- Structural and Functional Dynamics ofMicroorganisms · 2019Article
- Essential metabolism for a minimal cell.eLife · 2019Article
- Growth Mode and Carbon Source Impact the Surfaceome Dynamics ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Protein moonlighting: what is it, and why is it important?Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2018Review
- Intracellular proteins moonlighting as bacterial adhesion factors.AIMS microbiology · 2018Review
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae from the Respiratory Tract and Beyond.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Many proteins that have a primary function as a cytoplasmic protein are known to have the ability to moonlight on the surface of nearly all organisms. An example is the glycolytic enzyme enolase, which can be found on the surface of many types of cells from bacteria to human. Surface enolase is not enzymatic because it is monomeric and oligomerization is required for glycolytic activity. It can bind various molecules and activate plasminogen. Enolase lacks a signal peptide and the mechanism by which it attaches to the surface is unknown. We found that treatment of whole cells of the murine pathogen Mycoplasma pulmonis with phospholipase D released enolase and other common moonlighting proteins. Glycostaining suggested that the released proteins were glycosylated. Cytoplasmic and membrane-bound enolase was isolated by immunoprecipitation. No post-translational modification was detected on cytoplasmic enolase, but membrane enolase was associated with lipid, phosphate and rhamnose. Treatment with phospholipase released the lipid and phosphate from enolase but not the rhamnose. The site of rhamnosylation was identified as a glutamine residue near the C-terminus of the protein. Rhamnose has been found in all species of mycoplasma examined but its function was previously unknown. Mycoplasmas are small bacteria with have no peptidoglycan, and rhamnose in these organisms is also not associated with polysaccharide. We suggest that rhamnose has a central role in anchoring proteins to the membrane by linkage to phospholipid, which may be a general mechanism for the membrane association of moonlighting proteins in mycoplasmas and perhaps other bacteria.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.