Trial reportAmerican journal of respiratory and critical care medicine2017
Anastrozole in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Trial.
Trial report in American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01545336 (A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Phase II Study of Anastrozole in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension), which is not on this map. Cited by 73 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Phase II Study of Anastrozole in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 120 citations in OpenAlex.
- Management of pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis: from classical treatments to new horizons.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Novel Therapies of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2024Pooled it
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Anastrozole (PHANTOM): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2024Trial
- When Good Biology Meets Negative Clinical Trials: Lessons from PHANTOM and EDIPHY.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2026Article
- Metabolomics of Right Ventricular Function in Pulmonary Hypertension.Circulation research · 2026Article
- The Impact of Estrogen on Stromal Elements in the Proximal Airway in Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis.The Laryngoscope · 2026Article
- Sex-specific insights in atherosclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension: an overlooked comorbidity.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Sex differences in pulmonary (arterial) hypertension: does it matter?Current opinion in pulmonary medicine · 2025Review
- Global, Regional, and National Burden of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Among Women of Childbearing Age, 1990-2021: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Pulmonary circulation · 2025Article
- Epicardial Adipose Tissue as an Independent Risk Factor for Mortality in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.Chest · 2025Article
- Review
- Mechanisms and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2025Review
- Searching for an Elusive Phantom - Targeting Estrogen in Pulmonary Hypertension.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2024Article
- Current Overview of the Biology and Pharmacology in Sugen/Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats.Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery · 2024Review
- New and Emerging Therapeutic Drugs for the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Pulmonary Hypertension and Hyperglycemia-Not a Sweet Combination.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Pulmonary hypertension and the potential of 'drug' repurposing: A case for African medicinal plants.African journal of thoracic and critical care medicine · 2024Review
- Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Women's Lung Health and Disease.Pulmonary therapy · 2023Review
- Inhibition of Hsp110-STAT3 interaction in endothelial cells alleviates vascular remodeling in hypoxic pulmonary arterial Hypertension model.Respiratory research · 2023Article
- Sex-biased TGFβ signalling in pulmonary arterial hypertension.Cardiovascular research · 2023Review
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleThe aromatase inhibitor anastrozole blocks the conversion of androgens to estrogen and blunts pulmonary hypertension in animals, but its efficacy in treating patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is unknown.
objectivesWe aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of anastrozole in PAH.
methodsWe performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of anastrozole in patients with PAH who received background therapy at two centers. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN
resultsA total of 18 patients with PAH were randomized to anastrozole 1 mg or matching placebo in a 2:1 ratio. The two co-primary outcomes were percent change from baseline in 17β-estradiol levels (E2) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) at 3 months. Anastrozole significantly reduced E2 levels compared with placebo (percent change: -40%; interquartile range [IQR], -61 to -26% vs. -4%; IQR, -14 to +4%; P = 0.003), but there was no difference in TAPSE. Anastrozole significantly increased the 6-minute-walk distance (median change = +26 m) compared with placebo (median change = -12 m) (median percent change: anastrozole group, 8%; IQR, 2 to 17% vs. placebo -2%; IQR, -7 to +1%; P = 0.042). Anastrozole had no effect on circulating biomarkers, functional class, or health-related quality of life. There was no difference in adverse events.
conclusionsAnastrozole significantly reduced E2 levels in patients with PAH but had no effect on TAPSE. Anastrozole was safe, well tolerated, and improved 6-minute-walk distance in this small "proof-of-principle" study. Larger and longer phase II clinical trials of anastrozole may be warranted in patients with PAH. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 1545336).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.