ReviewOncotarget2016
Incidence and risk of hypertension associated with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer patients: a comprehensive network meta-analysis of 72 randomized controlled trials involving 30013 patients.
Review in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cabozantinib and thromboembolism in patients with cancer: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and retrospective study.Blood advances · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative evaluation of cardiovascular risks among nine FDA-approved VEGFR-TKIs in patients with solid tumors: a Bayesian network analysis of randomized controlled trials.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Lenvatinib and sorafenib for differentiated thyroid cancer after radioactive iodine: a systematic review and economic evaluation.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2020Pooled it
- Cardiovascular Toxicities with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis of 77 Randomized Controlled Trials.Clinical drug investigation · 2018Pooled it
- Risk of regorafenib-induced cardiovascular events in patients with solid tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Acute vascular effects of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibition in the forearm arterial circulation.Journal of hypertension · 2020Trial
- Pazopanib Exposure Relationship with Clinical Efficacy and Safety in the Adjuvant Treatment of Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2018Trial
- Targeted therapies in the management of advanced medullary thyroid cancer.The oncologist · 2026Review
- Medical Management of Well-Differentiated Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: From Conventional Therapies to Emerging Strategies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Impact of Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy in Chronic Subdural Hematoma Patients: A Propensity-Matched Multi-Institutional Cohort Study.Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Multiscale profiling of tyrosine kinase inhibitor cardiotoxicity reveals mechanosensitive ion channel PIEZO1 as cardioprotective.Science translational medicine · 2025Article
- Navigating the Complexities of Cancer Treatment-Induced Hypertension.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Review
- Pharmacovigilance imbalance analysis of VEGFR-TKI-related taste and smell disorders.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Overview of management and therapeutic advances in medullary thyroid cancer.Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England) · 2025Review
- Acute Type A Aortic Dissection During Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Lenvatinib Therapy.Case reports in critical care · 2025Article
- Hypertension toxicity of VEGFR-TKIs in cancer treatment: incidence, mechanisms, and management strategies.Archives of toxicology · 2025Review
- Endothelium as a Source of Cardiovascular Toxicity From Antitumor Kinase Inhibitors.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2024Review
- Cardiovascular adverse events in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma receiving vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors.Pharmacotherapy · 2024Article
- Cardiotoxicity of Anticancer Drugs: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Management and Innovative Treatment.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Review
- Surufatinib-induced renal thrombotic microangiopathy: first case report and review of literature.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have been developed during the last decade that target the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) are currently being evaluated as treatments for malignant tumors. The increased application of VEGFR-TKIs means that the probability of hypertension is a serious concern. However, the reported incidence varies markedly between clinical trials. Here, we undertook an up-to-date, comprehensive meta-analysis on clinical works to build the incidence of hypertension along with VEGFR-TKIs. The goal was to understand better of the overall venture of cancer patients' hypertension treated with these drugs.
methodsDatabases (EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane library) and the abstracts of the American Society of Clinical Oncology annual meeting and European Society of Medical Oncology were searched to identify related studies. 95% confidence intervals (CIs), summary incidences, and relative risk (RR) were calculated utilizing either fixed-effects models on the basis of the heterogeneity of the included studies or random-effects.
resultsSeventy-two randomized controlled trials (including 30013 patients) were involved. The total incidence of high-grade and all-grade hypertensive events along with VEGFR-TKIs was 23.0% (95% CI, 20.1-26.0%) and 4.4% (95% CI, 3.7-5.0%), respectively. The use of VEGFR-TKIs remarkably enhanced the venture of developing high-grade (RR, 4.60; 95% CI, 3.92-5.40; P < 0.001) and all-grade (RR, 3.85; 95% CI, 3.37-4.40; P < 0.001) hypertensive events. Subgroup analyses revealed that the risk of a hypertensive event varied significantly in accordance with tumor type, VEGFR-TKI, trial phase, VEGFR-TKIs-based regimen, control therapy, and chemotherapy regimen.
conclusionsPatients with cancer that receive VEGFR-TKIs are at a remarkable venture of developing hypertension. Therefore, suitable treatment and monitoring should be introduced to avoid cardiovascular complications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.