ArticleImmunity & ageing : I & A2016
Booster vaccination against tetanus and diphtheria: insufficient protection against diphtheria in young and elderly adults.
Article in Immunity & ageing : I & A, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Vaccination Coverage of Greek Adults Aged ≥60 Years in a Primary Health Care Setting in Relation to Lifestyle Factors and Health Care Services Utilization.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Seroprevalence of anti-diphtheria toxoid antibody and implications for vaccination policy in Vietnam's South-central coast: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Seroprevalence of Diphtheria and Tetanus Immunoglobulin G among the General Health Population in Guangzhou, China.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Review
- T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2: what if the known best is not the optimal course for the long run? Adapting to evolving targets.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The role of antigen availability during B cell induction and its effect on sustained memory and antibody production after infection and vaccination-lessons learned from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2022Article
- Tdap Booster Vaccination for Adults: Real-World Adherence to Current Recommendations in Italy and Evaluation of Two Alternative Strategies.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Vaccination of older adults: Influenza, pneumococcal disease, herpes zoster, COVID-19 and beyond.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2021Review
- Influence of immune aging on vaccine responses.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2020Review
- Vaccination Coverage of the Elderly in Greece: A Cross-Sectional Nationwide Study.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2020Article
- Peripheral antibody concentrations are associated with highly differentiated T cells and inflammatory processes in the human bone marrow.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2019Article
- Tetanus Vaccination and Extra-Immunization among Adult Populations: Eight-Year Follow Up Cohort Study of 771,443 Adults in Taiwan, 2006⁻2013.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- GM-CSF improves the immune response to the diphtheria-component in a multivalent vaccine.Vaccine · 2018Article
- Vaccines for the elderly: current use and future challenges.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that single shot vaccinations against tetanus and diphtheria do not lead to long-lasting immunity against diphtheria in elderly persons despite administration at 5 year intervals. In the present study we have immunized a group of young adults against tetanus and diphtheria to compare the pre- and 28 days post-vaccination immune responses in the young group with results of the same vaccination performed in an elderly group of a previous study. We also studied protection in both groups 5 years after vaccination. We compared antibody titers at all three time points and also analyzed the T cell responses in both age groups 5 years after vaccination. Before vaccination 9 % of the elderly persons were not protected against tetanus, and 48 % did not have protection against diphtheria. In the young group all participants were protected against tetanus, but 52 % were also unprotected against diphtheria before vaccination. 28 days after vaccination 100 % of all participants had protective antibody concentrations against tetanus and only a small percentage in each age group (<10 %) was unprotected against diphtheria. 5 years later, 100 % of both cohorts were still protected against tetanus, but 24 % of the young and 54 % of the elderly group were unprotected against diphtheria. Antibody concentrations against diphtheria measured by ELISA correlated well with their neutralizing capacity. T cell responses to tetanus and diphtheria did not differ between young and old persons. We conclude that booster vaccinations against tetanus and diphtheria according to present recommendations provide long-lasting protection only against tetanus, but not against diphtheria, independently of age. In elderly persons, the level of protection is even lower, probably due to intrinsic age-related changes within the immune system and/or insufficient vaccination earlier in life.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.