ReviewFrontiers in immunology2016
The Biological Effects of IL-21 Signaling on B-Cell-Mediated Responses in Organ Transplantation.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of soluble mediators in the clinical course of EBV infection and B cell homeostasis after kidney transplantation.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- The Number of Donor-Specific IL-21 Producing Cells Before and After Transplantation Predicts Kidney Graft Rejection.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Trial
- CD4European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Impact of interaction between IL-21 gene variants and smoking status on susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis.BMC medical genomics · 2025Article
- Regulatory B cells, the key regulator to induce immune tolerance in organ transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The Role of the JAK-STAT Pathway in Childhood B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing Reveals Peripheral T Helper Cells Promoting the Development of IgG4-Related Disease by Enhancing B Cell Activation and Differentiation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Alloreactive T cells to Assess Acute Rejection Risk in Kidney Transplant Recipients.Transplantation direct · 2023Article
- IL-21 (rs2055979 and rs2221903)/Genes · 2023Article
- Pre-transplant donor-reactive IL-21 producing T cells as a tool to identify an increased risk for acute rejection.Scientific reports · 2021Observational
- IL-21 Receptor Blockade Shifts the Follicular T Cell Balance and ReducesFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- BCR Affinity Influences T-B Interactions and B Cell Development in Secondary Lymphoid Organs.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Human STAT1 Gain-of-Function Heterozygous Mutations: Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis and Type I Interferonopathy.Journal of clinical immunology · 2020Review
- Adjustments of γδ T Cells in the Lung ofFrontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Article
- B cell checkpoints in autoimmune rheumatic diseases.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2019Review
- Impact of Induction Therapy on Circulating T Follicular Helper Cells and Subsequent Donor-Specific Antibody Formation After Kidney Transplant.Kidney international reports · 2019Article
- A New Perspective: Mitochondrial Stat3 as a Regulator for Lymphocyte Function.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Lymph Node Cellular Dynamics in Cancer and HIV: What Can We Learn for the Follicular CD4 (Tfh) Cells?Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- IL-21 Receptor Antagonist Inhibits Differentiation of B Cells toward Plasmablasts upon Alloantigen Stimulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antibody-mediated rejection has emerged as one of the major issues limiting the success of organ transplantation. It exerts a highly negative impact on graft function and outcome, and effective treatment is lacking. The triggers for antibody development, and the mechanisms leading to graft dysfunction and failure, are incompletely understood. The production of antibodies is dependent on instructions from various immunocytes including CD4 T-helper cells that secrete interleukin (IL)-21 and interact with antigen-specific B-cells via costimulatory molecules. In this article, we discuss the role of IL-21 in the activation and differentiation of B-cells and consider the mechanisms of IL-21 and B-cell interaction. An improved understanding of the biological mechanisms involved in antibody-mediated complications after organ transplantation could lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies, which control humoral alloreactivity, potentially preventing and treating graft-threatening antibody-mediated rejection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.