ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2016
CD4+ T-cell-independent mechanisms suppress reactivation of latent tuberculosis in a macaque model of HIV coinfection.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 134 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early immune dysregulation iniScience · 2026Article
- The host immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis determining protection or disease progression.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- Antiretroviral treatment does not prevent extrapulmonary tuberculosis during SIV/Mtb coinfection in macaques.JCI insight · 2026Article
- HIV impairs and exploits pulmonary Th17 and Th22 cell-mediated immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Concurrent TB and HIV therapies control TB reactivation during co-infection but not chronic immune activation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Development and preclinical evaluation of next-generation ΔsigH-based live candidate vaccines.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Advances in host-directed therapy for tuberculosis and HIV coinfection: enhancing immune responses.Trends in microbiology · 2025Review
- Distinct clinical outcomes in pediatric tuberculosis: A study utilizing infant macaques exposed to aerosoliScience · 2025Article
- Increased vaccine efficacy against tuberculosis with a recombinant BCG overexpressing the STING agonist cyclic di-AMP.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Coinfections in Tuberculosis in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Epidemiology, Clinical Implications, Diagnostic Challenges, and Management Strategies-A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Prevention of tuberculosis in cynomolgus macaques by an attenuated Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccine candidate.Nature communications · 2025Article
- CD4Immunity · 2024Article
- Article
- Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase inhibition improves immunity and is safe for concurrent use with cART during Mtb/SIV coinfection.JCI insight · 2024Article
- The role of the immune response in developing tuberculosis infection: from latent infection to active tuberculosis.Frontiers in tuberculosis · 2024Review
- CD4bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Importance of adjuvant selection in tuberculosis vaccine development: Exploring basic mechanisms and clinical implications.Vaccine: X · 2023Review
- Immune Responses in Lung Granulomas during Mtb/HIV Co-Infection: Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapy.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- CD30 co-stimulation drives differentiation of protective T cells during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023Article
- B cells promote granulomatous inflammation during chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in mice.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The synergy between Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and HIV in coinfected patients has profoundly impacted global mortality because of tuberculosis (TB) and AIDS. HIV significantly increases rates of reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI) to active disease, with the decline in CD4(+) T cells believed to be the major causality. In this study, nonhuman primates were coinfected with Mtb and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), recapitulating human coinfection. A majority of animals exhibited rapid reactivation of Mtb replication, progressing to disseminated TB and increased SIV-associated pathology. Although a severe loss of pulmonary CD4(+) T cells was observed in all coinfected macaques, a subpopulation of the animals was still able to prevent reactivation and maintain LTBI. Investigation of pulmonary immune responses and pathology in this cohort demonstrated that increased CD8(+) memory T-cell proliferation, higher granzyme B production, and expanded B-cell follicles correlated with protection from reactivation. Our findings reveal mechanisms that control SIV- and TB-associated pathology. These CD4-independent protective immune responses warrant further studies in HIV coinfected humans able to control their TB infection. Moreover, these findings will provide insight into natural immunity to Mtb and will guide development of novel vaccine strategies and immunotherapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.