ArticleThe Journal of cell biology1989
Polewards microtubule flux in the mitotic spindle: evidence from photoactivation of fluorescence.
Article in The Journal of cell biology, 1989. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 225 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
225 citing papers in PubMed, 611 citations in OpenAlex.
- Towards a systems-level view of the microtubule cytoskeleton and its functions in physiology and disease.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Review
- Human mitotic spindles as active liquid crystals: From collective behaviors to discrete filaments.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Eg5 activity and density-driven bundling organize the human metaphase mitotic spindle independently of spindle bipolarity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Fertility is compromised after oocyte-specific deletion of microtubule severing protein Katanin A1.Molecular human reproduction · 2025Article
- Mitotic spindle membranes.Molecular biology of the cell · 2025Review
- Insights into the role of phosphorylation on microtubule cross-linking by PRC1.Molecular biology of the cell · 2025Article
- The cell cycle oscillator and spindle length set the speed of chromosome separation in Drosophila embryos.Current biology : CB · 2025Article
- Modulation of the cytoskeleton for cancer therapy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- The cell cycle oscillator and spindle length set the speed of chromosome separation inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Microtubule poleward flux as a target for modifying chromosome segregation errors.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Force generation and resistance in human mitosis.Biophysical reviews · 2024Review
- NuSAP regulates microtubule flux and Kif2A localization to ensure accurate chromosome congression.The Journal of cell biology · 2024Article
- Microtubule-Targeting Agents: Disruption of the Cellular Cytoskeleton as a Backbone of Ovarian Cancer Therapy.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Identification of the KIF18A alpha-4 helix as a therapeutic target for chromosomally unstable tumor cells.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2024Article
- Identification of the KIF18A alpha-4 helix as a therapeutic target for chromosomally unstable tumor cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- The minus-end depolymerase KIF2A drives flux-like treadmilling of γTuRC-uncapped microtubules.The Journal of cell biology · 2023Article
- Mechanisms underlying spindle assembly and robustness.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2023Review
- Kinetochore-fiber lengths are maintained locally but coordinated globally by poles in the mammalian spindle.eLife · 2023Article
- Photoactivatable Fluorophores for Bioimaging Applications.ACS applied optical materials · 2023Article
- Photochemical Mechanisms of Fluorophores Employed in Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2023Review
165 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
I have synthesized a novel derivative of carboxyfluorescein that is nonfluorescent, but can be converted to a fluorescent form by exposure to 365-nm light. This photoactivable, fluorescent probe was covalently attached to tubulin and microinjected into mitotic tissue culture cells, where it incorporated into functional spindles. To generate a fluorescent bar across the mitotic spindle, metaphase cells were irradiated with a slit microbeam. This bar decreased in intensity over the first minute, presumably due to turnover of nonkinetochore microtubules. The remaining fluorescent zones, now presumably restricted to kinetochore microtubules, moved polewards at 0.3-0.7 microns/min. This result provides strong evidence for polewards flux in kinetochore microtubules. In conjunction with earlier biotin-tubulin incorporation experiments (Mitchison, T. J., L. Evans, E. Schulze, and M. Kirschner. 1986. Cell. 45:515-527), I conclude that microtubules polymerize at kinetochores and depolymerize near the poles throughout metaphase. The significance of this observation for spindle structure and function is discussed. Local photoactivation of fluorescence should be a generally useful method for following molecular dynamics inside living cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.