ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2016
Lactate as a Metabolite and a Regulator in the Central Nervous System.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 149 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
149 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 272 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training Protocols on Blood Lactate Levels and Cognition in Healthy Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Regression.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Pooled it
- The evidence for the physiological effects of lactate on the cerebral microcirculation: a systematic review.Journal of neurochemistry · 2019Pooled it
- Acute effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on lactate, IGF-1 and cognition in chronic spinal cord injury: A pilot randomized cross-over study.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2026Trial
- Effects of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Cerebral Perfusion and Cognitive Function Under Simulated High-Altitude Hypobaric Hypoxia.Brain and behavior · 2026Trial
- High-intensity interval training differentially modulates acute BDNF and cognitive responses in young adult males: a randomized crossover trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Acute exercise alters brain glucose metabolism in aging and Alzheimer's disease.The Journal of physiology · 2026Trial
- Time-dependent comparison of serum BDNF responses following high-intensity interval exercise and moderate- and low-intensity continuous exercise in healthy young men.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- The effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on fatigue recovery in recreational rowers.PeerJ · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Lactate Threshold Training Program on Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Multidisciplinary Approach.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Brain-muscle axis regulation of neuroinflammation and sarcopenia in Parkinson's disease: the bridging role of lactylation.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Diagnostic brain-to-liver [European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- Role Shift of Glial Cells from Physiology to Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease: The Regulatory Impact of Exercise.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Review
- Transport pathways across the blood-brain barrier for waste clearance and drug delivery.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Review
- Physical and cognitive contributions to fatigue perception: The interplay between local muscle fatigue and sensory prediction error.iScience · 2026Article
- Article
- Acceleration of Lactate Uptake and Utilization Contributes to Neuroprotective Action of FGF21 Involved in Naturally Aging Mice.Aging cell · 2026Article
- Analyses of astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle transporter levels in brain tissues from people with HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Harnessing gut microbiota for brain health: protective role of Hungatella hathewayi for post-mTBI cognitive impairment.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Lactate and cognition: a dual modulator.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Review
89 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
More than two hundred years after its discovery, lactate still remains an intriguing molecule. Considered for a long time as a waste product of metabolism and the culprit behind muscular fatigue, it was then recognized as an important fuel for many cells. In particular, in the nervous system, it has been proposed that lactate, released by astrocytes in response to neuronal activation, is taken up by neurons, oxidized to pyruvate and used for synthesizing acetyl-CoA to be used for the tricarboxylic acid cycle. More recently, in addition to this metabolic role, the discovery of a specific receptor prompted a reconsideration of its role, and lactate is now seen as a sort of hormone, even involved in processes as complex as memory formation and neuroprotection. As a matter of fact, exercise offers many benefits for our organisms, and seems to delay brain aging and neurodegeneration. Now, exercise induces the production and release of lactate into the blood which can reach the liver, the heart, and also the brain. Can lactate be a beneficial molecule produced during exercise, and offer neuroprotection? In this review, we summarize what we have known on lactate, discussing the roles that have been attributed to this molecule over time.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.