ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2016
Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Modify the Response of Prostate Cancer Cells to Androgen and Anti-Androgens in Three-Dimensional Spheroid Culture.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optimization of 3D Spheroid Models of Ovarian, Breast, and Gastric Cancer for Comparative Screening of Drug Candidates.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Screening anticancer peptides performance in organotypic prostate tumor-stroma 3D models.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- A 3D co-culture model with fibroblast-restricted FAP expression for cancer therapy using [EJNMMI radiopharmacy and chemistry · 2026Article
- Patient-derived prostate cancer organoids: model development, therapeutic applications, and challenges for precision oncology.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Prostate Cancer: Unraveling Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Cancer‑associated fibroblasts in human malignancies, with a particular emphasis on sarcomas (Review).International journal of oncology · 2025Review
- Review
- Article
- Therapeutic Contribution of Tau-Binding Thiazoloflavonoid Hybrid Derivatives Against Glioblastoma Using Pharmacological Approach in 3D Spheroids.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Prostate Cancer's Silent Partners: Fibroblasts and Their Influence on Glutamine Metabolism Manipulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Tumor promoting effect of spheroids in an orthotopic prostate cancer mouse model.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Prostate Cancer and the Mevalonate Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Stromal-derived MAOB promotes prostate cancer growth and progression.Science advances · 2024Article
- Cancer-associated fibroblasts and prostate cancer stem cells: crosstalk mechanisms and implications for disease progression.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- A preclinical platform for assessing long-term drug efficacy exploiting mechanically tunable scaffolds colonized by a three-dimensional tumor microenvironment.Biomaterials research · 2023Article
- Capsaicin binds the N-terminus of Hsp90, induces lysosomal degradation of Hsp70, and enhances the anti-tumor effects of 17-AAG (Tanespimycin).Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Three-Dimensional Cell Cultures: The Bridge between In Vitro and In Vivo Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- 3D Tumor Models in Urology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Let's Go 3D! New Generation of Models for Evaluating Drug Response and Resistance in Prostate Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) targeting remains the gold standard treatment for advanced prostate cancer (PCa); however, treatment resistance remains a major clinical problem. To study the therapeutic effects of clinically used anti-androgens we characterized herein a tissue-mimetic three-dimensional (3D) in vitro model whereby PCa cells were cultured alone or with PCa-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Notably, the ratio of PCa cells to CAFs significantly increased in time in favor of the tumor cells within the spheroids strongly mimicking PCa in vivo. Despite this loss of CAFs, the stromal cells, which were not sensitive to androgen and even stimulated by the anti-androgens, significantly influenced the sensitivity of PCa cells to androgen and to the anti-androgens bicalutamide and enzalutamide. In particular, DuCaP cells lost sensitivity to enzalutamide when co-cultured with CAFs. In LAPC4/CAF and LNCaP/CAF co-culture spheroids the impact of the CAFs was less pronounced. In addition, 3D spheroids exhibited a significant increase in E-cadherin and substantial expression of vimentin in co-culture spheroids, whereas AR levels remained unchanged or even decreased. In LNCaP/CAF spheroids we further found increased Akt signaling that could be inhibited by the phosphatidyl-inositol 3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002, thereby overcoming the anti-androgen resistance of the spheroids. Our data show that CAFs influence drug response of PCa cells with varying impact and further suggest this spheroid model is a valuable in vitro drug testing tool.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.