ArticleCellular microbiology2017
Two lytic transglycosylases in Neisseria gonorrhoeae impart resistance to killing by lysozyme and human neutrophils.
Article in Cellular microbiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physicochemical Properties Determination of Recombinant Human Lysozyme and Its Effects on Intestinal Development in Mice.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Effects of dietary lysozyme supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology, immune function, antioxidant capacity, and gut microbiota in broilers.Poultry science · 2025Article
- Effects of SupergroundAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Postbiotic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects of aqueous microbial lysozyme in broiler chickens.Animal biotechnology · 2024Article
- Urgent Need to Understand and Prevent Gonococcal Infection: From the Laboratory to Real-World Context.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Review
- Antimicrobial activity of compounds identified by artificial intelligence discovery engine targeting enzymes involved in Neisseria gonorrhoeae peptidoglycan metabolism.Biological research · 2024Article
- IL-17C is a driver of damaging inflammation during Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection of human Fallopian tube.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Phagocytosis via complement receptor 3 enables microbes to evade killing by neutrophils.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2023Article
- Exploring the inhibition of the soluble lytic transglycosylase Cj0843c of Campylobacter jejuni via targeting different sites with different scaffolds.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2023Article
- Peptidoglycan deacetylation controls type IV secretion and the intracellular survival of the bacterial pathogenProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Bacterium of one thousand and one variants: genetic diversity ofMicrobial genomics · 2023Review
- In vitro PCR verification that lysozyme inhibits nucleic acid replication and transcription.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Loss of NOD2 in macrophages improves colitis and tumorigenesis in a lysozyme-dependent manner.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Immune responses toFrontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Lysozyme and Its Application as Antibacterial Agent in Food Industry.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Variable Expression of Opa Proteins by Neisseria gonorrhoeae Influences Bacterial Association and Phagocytic Killing by Human Neutrophils.Journal of bacteriology · 2022Article
- Systemic and Mucosal Concentrations of Nine Cytokines Among Individuals withAAS open research · 2022Article
- Anti-Virulence Therapeutic Approaches forAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Recent Insights Into the Prognostic and Therapeutic Applications of Lysozymes.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- A NovelFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Symptomatic infection by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gc) produces a potent inflammatory response, resulting in a neutrophil-rich exudate. A population of Gc can survive the killing activities of neutrophils for reasons not completely understood. Unlike other Gram-negative bacteria, Gc releases monomeric peptidoglycan (PG) extracellularly, dependent on two nonessential, nonredundant lytic transglycosylases (LTs), LtgA and LtgD. PG released by LtgA and LtgD can stimulate host immune responses. We report that ΔltgAΔltgD Gc were decreased in survival in the presence of primary human neutrophils but otherwise grew equally to wild-type Gc. Adding PG monomer failed to alter ΔltgAΔltgD Gc survival. Thus, LTs protect Gc from neutrophils independently of monomer release. We found two reasons to explain decreased survival of the double LT mutant. First, ΔltgAΔltgD Gc was more sensitive to the neutrophil antimicrobial proteins lysozyme and neutrophil elastase, but not others. Sensitivity to lysozyme correlated with decreased Gc envelope integrity. Second, exposure of neutrophils to ΔltgAΔltgD Gc increased the release of neutrophil granule contents extracellularly and into Gc phagosomes. We conclude that LtgA and LtgD protect Gc from neutrophils by contributing to envelope integrity and limiting bacterial exposure to select granule-localized antimicrobial proteins. These observations are the first to link bacterial degradation by lysozyme to increased neutrophil activation.
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Registered trials
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