Trial reportMalaria journal2016
Selection of Plasmodium falciparum pfcrt and pfmdr1 polymorphisms after treatment with artesunate-amodiaquine fixed dose combination or artemether-lumefantrine in Liberia.
Trial report in Malaria journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) and drug resistance molecular markers: A systematic review of clinical studies from two malaria endemic regions - India and sub-Saharan Africa.International journal for parasitology. Drugs and drug resistance · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Persistence of chloroquine resistance alleles in malaria endemic countries: a systematic review of burden and risk factors.Malaria journal · 2019Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of artesunate-amodiaquine and artemether-lumefantrine and prevalence of molecular markers associated with resistance, Guinea: an open-label two-arm randomised controlled trial.Malaria journal · 2020Trial
- Drug resistance gene polymorphisms of Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates from Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Malaria in Bangladesh, 2000-2025: Navigating the Headwinds From Control to Elimination.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Molecular Markers of Antimalarial Drug Resistance in Plasmodium falciparum From Kumasi, Ghana, 2023.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2026Article
- Multiplex long-amplicon sequencing for comprehensive molecular surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinin and partner drugs in artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs).Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Tracking Drug Resistance inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance 1 gene polymorphisms associated with outcomes after anti-malarial treatment.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Trend of N86Y and Y184F Mutations in Pfmdr1 Gene in Children Under Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention Coverage in Nanoro, Burkina Faso.Acta parasitologica · 2024Article
- Evolution of Plasmodium falciparum antimalarial drug resistance markers post-adoption of artemisinin-based combination therapies in Yaounde, Cameroon.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023Article
- Genome-wide genetic variation and molecular surveillance of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from asymptomatic individuals in Ouélessébougou, Mali.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Drug Resistance Molecular Markers ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Impact of Drug Exposure on Resistance Selection Following Artemether-Lumefantrine Treatment for Malaria in Children With and Without HIV in Uganda.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2023Article
- Malaria and an Amoebic Abscess in a Returning Traveler from Liberia.Case reports in infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Allelic frequencies of mutants of theHeliyon · 2022Article
- High prevalence of Pfcrt 76T and Pfmdr1 N86 genotypes in malaria infected patients attending health facilities in East Shewa zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.Malaria journal · 2022Article
- Temporal trends in molecular markers of drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum in human blood and profiles of corresponding resistant markers in mosquito oocysts in Asembo, western Kenya.Malaria journal · 2022Article
- Mechanistic basis for multidrug resistance and collateral drug sensitivity conferred to the malaria parasite by polymorphisms in PfMDR1 and PfCRT.PLoS biology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 8 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPlasmodium falciparum uncomplicated malaria can successfully be treated with an artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). However resistance is spreading to the different ACT compounds; the artemisinin derivative and the partner drug. Studies of P. falciparum polymorphisms associated with drug resistance can provide a useful tool to track resistance and guide treatment policy as well as an in-depth understanding of the development and spread of resistance.
methodsThe role of P. falciparum molecular markers in selection of reinfections was assessed in an efficacy trial comparing artesunate-amodiaquine fixed-dose combination with artemether-lumefantrine to treat malaria in Nimba County, Liberia 2008-2009. P. falciparum polymorphisms in pfcrt 76, pfmdr1 86, 184 and 1246, and pfmrp1 876 and 1466 were analysed by PCR-RFLP and pyrosequencing.
resultsHigh baseline prevalence of pfmdr1 1246Y was found in Nimba county (38 %). Pfmdr1 1246Y and pfmdr1 86+184+1246 haplotypes NYY and YYY were selected in reinfections in the artesunate-amodiaquine arm and pfcrt K76, pfmdr1 N86 and pfmdr1 haplotype NFD were selected in artemether-lumefantrine reinfections. Parasites harbouring pfmdr1 1246Y could reinfect earlier after treatment with artesunate-amodiaquine and parasites carrying pfmdr1 N86 could reinfect at higher lumefantrine concentrations in patients treated with artemether-lumefantrine.
conclusionsAlthough treatment is highly efficacious, selection of molecular markers in reinfections could indicate a decreased sensitivity or tolerance of parasites to the current treatments and the baseline prevalence of molecular markers should be closely monitored. Since individual drug levels and the day of reinfection were demonstrated to be key determinants for selection of reinfections, this data needs to be collected and taken into account for accurate evaluation of molecular markers for anti-malarial treatments. The protocols for the clinical trial was registered with Current Controlled Trials, under the Identifier Number ISRCTN51688713 on 9 October 2008.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.