ArticleCancer & metabolism2016
A rapid method for quantifying free and bound acetate based on alkylation and GC-MS analysis.
Article in Cancer & metabolism, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Untargeted Metabolomics and Liquid Biopsy Investigation of Circulating Biomarkers in Soft Tissue Sarcoma.Cancers · 2025Article
- Metabolic inflexibility promotes mitochondrial health during liver regeneration.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- ACOD1 deficiency offers protection in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity by maintaining a healthy gut microbiota.Cell death & disease · 2024Article
- Acetate controls endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition.Cell metabolism · 2023Article
- Metabolic adaptation to consume butyrate under prolonged resource exhaustion.PLoS genetics · 2023Article
- Quantitative analysis of short-chain fatty acids in human plasma and serum by GC-MS.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2022Article
- Gut Microbiota Structure and Metabolites, Before and After Treatment in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Pilot Study.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- The interaction between the gut microbiota and dietary carbohydrates in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2021Review
- Acetate, a Short-Chain Fatty Acid, Acutely Lowers Heart Rate and Cardiac Contractility Along with Blood Pressure.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2021Article
- Acetyl-CoA synthetase 3 promotes bladder cancer cell growth under metabolic stress.Oncogenesis · 2020Article
- Electrophysiology of the Facultative Autotrophic BacteriumFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Article
- Short-chain fatty acid delivery: assessing exogenous administration of the microbiome metabolite acetate in mice.Physiological reports · 2019Article
- Increased formate overflow is a hallmark of oxidative cancer.Nature communications · 2018Article
- Measurement of cations, anions, and acetate in serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and tissue by ion chromatography.Physiological reports · 2018Article
- Acetate Recapturing by Nuclear Acetyl-CoA Synthetase 2 Prevents Loss of Histone Acetylation during Oxygen and Serum Limitation.Cell reports · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAcetyl-CoA is a key metabolic intermediate with roles in the production of energy and biomass, as well as in metabolic regulation. It was recently found that acetate is crucial for maintaining acetyl-CoA production in hypoxic cancer cells. However, the availability of free acetate in the tumor environment and how much tumor cells consume remains unknown. Similarly, much is still to be learned about changes in the dynamics and distribution of acetylation in response to tumor-relevant conditions. The analysis of acetate is non-trivial, and to help address these topics, we developed a rapid and robust method for the analysis of both free and bound acetate in biological samples.
resultsWe developed a sensitive and high-throughput method for the analysis of acetate based on alkylation to its propyl derivative and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The method facilitates simultaneous quantification of both (12)C- and (13)C-acetate, shows high reproducibility (< 10 % RSD), and has a wide linear range of quantification (2-2000 μM). We demonstrate the method's utility by measuring free acetate uptake by cultured cancer cells and by quantifying total acetylation (using hydrolysis) in separate cellular compartments. Additionally, we measure free acetate in tissues and bio-fluids and show that there are considerable differences in acetate concentrations between organs in vivo, providing insights into its complex systemic metabolism and availability for various types of tumors.
conclusionsOur approach for the quantification of acetate is straightforward to implement using widely available equipment and reagents, and will aid in in-depth investigation of various aspects of acetate metabolism. It is also readily adaptable to the analysis of formate and short-chain fatty acids, making it highly relevant to the cancer metabolism community.
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