ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2016
Risk-factors for methadone-specific deaths in Scotland's methadone-prescription clients between 2009 and 2013.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Explaining the Differences in Opioid Overdose Deaths between Scotland and England/Wales: Implications for European Opioid Policies.European addiction research · 2021Pooled it
- Cause-Specific Mortality among Patients in Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder in Multiple Settings: A Prospective Comparative Cohort Study.European addiction research · 2023Article
- Why are drug-related deaths among women increasing in Scotland? A mixed-methods analysis of possible explanations.Drugs (Abingdon, England) · 2022Article
- Identifying the changing age distribution of opioid-related mortality with high-frequency data.PloS one · 2022Article
- Troponin, A Predictor of Mortality in Methadone Exposure: An Observational Prospective Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Observational
- The Role of Risk or Contributory Death Factors in Methadone-Related Fatalities: A Review and Pooled Analysis.Metabolites · 2021Article
- Scotland's 2009-2015 methadone-prescription cohort: Quintiles for daily dose of prescribed methadone and risk of methadone-specific death.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2021Article
- Mechanisms and context in the San Patrignano drug recovery community, Italy: a qualitative study to inform transfer to Scotland.Drugs (Abingdon, England) · 2021Article
- Article
- MultiBUGS: A Parallel Implementation of the BUGS Modelling Framework for Faster Bayesian Inference.Journal of statistical software · 2020Article
- The opioid problem in primary care.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2020Article
- Improving prescribing through big data approaches-Ten years of the Scottish Prescribing Information System.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020Review
- COPD and asthma in patients with opioid dependency: a cross-sectional study in primary care.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2020Article
- Article
- Mortality and causes of death among patients with opioid use disorder receiving opioid agonist treatment: a national register study.BMC health services research · 2019Observational
- Non drug-related and opioid-specific causes of 3262 deaths in Scotland's methadone-prescription clients, 2009-2015.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Article
- The impact of buprenorphine and methadone on mortality: a primary care cohort study in the United Kingdom.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2018Article
- Ageing opioid users' increased risk of methadone-specific death in the UK.The International journal on drug policy · 2018Article
- Use of text-mining methods to improve efficiency in the calculation of drug exposure to support pharmacoepidemiology studies.International journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
- Multiple Systems Estimation (or Capture-Recapture Estimation) to Inform Public Policy.Annual review of statistics and its application · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimTo quantify gender, age-group and quantity of methadone prescribed as risk factors for drugs-related deaths (DRDs), and for methadone-specific DRDs, in Scotland's methadone-prescription clients.
designLinkage to death-records for Scotland's methadone-clients with one or more Community Health Index (CHI)-identified methadone prescriptions during July 2009 to June 2013.
settingScotland's Prescribing Information System and National Records of Scotland. MEASUREMENTS: Covariates defined at first CHI-identified methadone prescription, and person-years at-risk (pys) thereafter until the earlier of death-date or 31 December 2013. Methadone-specific DRDs were defined as: methadone implicated but neither heroin nor buprenorphine. Hazard ratios (HRs) were assessed using proportional hazards regression.
findingsScotland's CHI-identified methadone-prescription cohort comprised 33,128 clients, 121,254 pys, 1,171 non-DRDs and 760 DRDs (6.3 per 1,000 pys), of which 362 were methadone-specific. Irrespective of gender, methadone-specific DRD-rate, per 1,000 pys, was higher in the 35+ age-group (4.2; 95% CI: 3.6-4.7) than for younger clients (1.9; 95% CI: 1.5-2.2). For methadone-specific DRDs, age-related HRs (e.g., 2.9 at 45+ years; 95% CI: 2.1-3.9) were steeper than for all DRDs (1.9; 95% CI: 1.5-2.4); there was no hazard-reduction for females; no gender by age-group interaction; and, unlike for all DRDs, the highest quintile for quantity of prescribed methadone at cohort-entry (>1960mg) was associated with increased HR (1.8; 95% CI: 1.3-2.5).
conclusionHigher methadone-specific DRD rates in older clients, irrespective of gender, call for better understanding of methadone's pharmaco-dynamics in older, opioid-dependent clients, many with progressive physical or mental ill-health.
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