ArticlePharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior
Modafinil decreases cocaine choice in human cocaine smokers only when the response requirement and the alternative reinforcer magnitude are large.
Article in Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cocaine abstinence during the "critical period" of a contingency management trial predicts future abstinence in people with cocaine use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Trial
- Naltrexone-bupropion combinations do not affect cocaine self-administration in humans.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2023Trial
- Smoked cannabis reduces peak cocaine plasma levels and subjective effects in a controlled drug administration study of polysubstance use in men.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Trial
- Mechanistic and translational insights from preclinical cocaine choice procedures on the economic substitutability of cocaine and nondrug reinforcers.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2025Review
- Novel Ways of Targeting the Dopamine Transporter.Advances in neurobiology · 2025Review
- A Brief Introduction to Human Behavioral Pharmacology: Methods, Design Considerations and Ethics.Perspectives on behavior science · 2022Article
- Clinical neuropharmacology of cocaine reinforcement: A narrative review of human laboratory self-administration studies.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2022Review
- Modafinil reduces smoked cocaine self-administration in humans: effects vary as a function of cocaine 'priming' and cost.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- Pharmacotherapeutic strategies for treating cocaine use disorder-what do we have to offer?Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2021Article
- Psychostimulant Use Disorder, an Unmet Therapeutic Goal: Can Modafinil Narrow the Gap?Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
- Making risky decisions to take drug: Effects of cocaine abstinence in cocaine users.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2019Article
- Pharmacotherapies for decreasing maladaptive choice in drug addiction: Targeting the behavior and the drug.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This study examined how response effort (pressing a keyboard button) for cocaine and the value of an alternative reinforcer (opportunity to play a game of chance for money) combined with 'free' cocaine (with no response effort) affected cocaine choice when participants were maintained on modafinil or placebo. Nontreatment-seeking current cocaine smokers were enrolled in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, within-subject study comprising both inpatient and outpatient phases. Participants were maintained on placebo capsules (0mg/day) during one inpatient phase and modafinil (300mg/day) capsules during another inpatient phase in counter-balanced order. A minimum of 8 medication-free days separated the two 15-day inpatient phases to allow for medication clearance. Under each medication condition participants had the opportunity to self-administer smoked cocaine (25mg) when the response effort for cocaine was low (500responses/dose) and had a low value alternative (2 game plays for money) or when the response effort for cocaine was large (2500responses/dose) and had a more valuable alternative (4 game plays for money). Under both conditions, participants received one free dose of cocaine (0, 12, 25 or 50mg) prior to making their first choice of the session. Fifteen individuals began the study and 7 completed it. Participants chose fewer cocaine doses when the response effort for cocaine and the alternative value was high (4.4±0.19) compared to when the response effort for cocaine and the alternative value was low (5.3±0.14). Providing individuals a free "priming" dose of cocaine prior to making their cocaine choice did not alter cocaine taking. Modafinil decreased cocaine choice only when the response effort for cocaine and the alternative value was high. These results suggest that modafinil may be most effective when combined with therapy emphasizing the large personal costs of using cocaine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.