Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27590474›Full record

ArticleMalaria journal2016

Distribution and prevalence of malaria parasites among long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in regional populations across Southeast Asia.

Xinjun Zhang, Khamisah Abdul Kadir, Leslie Fabiola Quintanilla-Zariñan, Jason Villano, Paul Houghton, Hongli Du, Balbir Singh, David Glenn Smith

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Malaria journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
46citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
4.5field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

46 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Article
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  13. Microorganisms · 2024
    Review
  14. Overview ofComparative medicine · 2024
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
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  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Xinjun ZhangDepartment of Anthropology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Khamisah Abdul KadirMalaria Research Centre, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
Leslie Fabiola Quintanilla-ZariñanDepartment of Anthropology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Jason VillanoUnit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
Paul HoughtonPrimate Products, Inc., PO Box 1588, Immokalee, FL, 34143, USA.
Hongli DuSchool of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
Balbir SinghMalaria Research Centre, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia. bsingh@unimas.my.
David Glenn SmithDepartment of Anthropology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. dgsmith@ucdavis.edu.
University of California, Davis · USUniversiti Malaysia Sarawak · MYPrimate Conservation · USSouth China University of Technology · CNUniversity of Michigan–Ann Arbor · US

Funding

GENETIC MANAGEMENT OF MECAQUES BY DNA RFLP ANALYSISR24RR005090 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS · PI SMITH, DAVID GLENN · 1988 to 2011
$3.7M
Animal Model for SIV Infection ControlR01RR025781 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI APETREI, CRISTIAN, VASILE PANDREA, IVONA · 2009 to 2010
$1.9M
NCRR NIH HHS R01 RR025781NCRR NIH HHS R24 RR005090
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPlasmodium knowlesi and Plasmodium cynomolgi are two malaria parasites naturally transmissible between humans and wild macaque through mosquito vectors, while Plasmodium inui can be experimentally transmitted from macaques to humans. One of their major natural hosts, the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis), is host to two other species of Plasmodium (Plasmodium fieldi and Plasmodium coatneyi) and is widely distributed in Southeast Asia. This study aims to determine the distribution of wild macaques infected with malarial parasites by examining samples derived from seven populations in five countries across Southeast Asia.

methodsPlasmodium knowlesi, P. cynomolgi, P. coatneyi, P. inui and P. fieldi, were detected using nested PCR assays in DNA samples from 276 wild-caught long-tailed macaques. These samples had been derived from macaques captured at seven locations, two each in the Philippines (n = 68) and Indonesia (n = 70), and one each in Cambodia (n = 54), Singapore (n = 40) and Laos (n = 44). The results were compared with previous studies of malaria parasites in long-tailed macaques from other locations in Southeast Asia. Fisher exact test and Chi square test were used to examine the geographic bias of the distribution of Plasmodium species in the macaque populations.

resultsOut of 276 samples tested, 177 were Plasmodium-positive, with P. cynomolgi being the most common and widely distributed among all long-tailed macaque populations (53.3 %) and occurring in all populations examined, followed by P. coatneyi (20.4 %), P. inui (12.3 %), P. fieldi (3.4 %) and P. knowlesi (0.4 %). One P. knowlesi infection was detected in a macaque from Laos, representing the first documented case of P. knowlesi in wildlife in Laos. Chi square test showed three of the five parasites (P. knowlesi, P. coatneyi, P. cynomolgi) with significant bias in prevalence towards macaques from Malaysian Borneo, Cambodia, and Southern Sumatra, respectively.

conclusionsThe prevalence of malaria parasites, including those that are transmissible to humans, varied among all sampled regional populations of long-tailed macaques in Southeast Asia. The new discovery of P. knowlesi infection in Laos, and the high prevalence of P. cynomolgi infections in wild macaques in general, indicate the strong need of public advocacy in related countries.

Indexed as

Macaca fascicularisAnimalsAsia, SoutheasternDNA, ProtozoanMalariaPhylogeographyPlasmodiumPolymerase Chain ReactionPrevalenceTopography, MedicalDNA, ProtozoanBiased infection rateGeographic distributionMacaca fascicularisPlasmodium cynomolgiPlasmodium knowlesi

Identifiers

PMID27590474
PMCPMC5010671
OpenAlexW2508197929

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.