ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2016
Electroconvulsive shock attenuated microgliosis and astrogliosis in the hippocampus and ameliorated schizophrenia-like behavior of Gunn rat.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolic Mechanisms in Electroconvulsive Therapy for Schizophrenia: Role, Potential and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Causality effect of 21 metals in plasma and serum, 731 immunocytes, and schizophrenia: an intermediary Mendelian randomization study in East Asian populations.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- The diagnostic potential of unconjugated bilirubin in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Immunity in neuromodulation: probing neural and immune pathways in brain disorders.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- Glia as a New Target for Therapeutic Actions of Electroconvulsive Therapy.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Behavioral and transcriptional effects of repeated electroconvulsive seizures in the neonatal MK-801-treated rat model of schizophrenia.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Systemic inflammatory biomarkers in Schizophrenia are changed by ECT administration and related to the treatment efficacy.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Clinical Improvement in Depression and Cognitive Deficit Following Electroconvulsive Therapy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Sex differences in factors influencing hospital-acquired pneumonia in schizophrenia patients receiving modified electroconvulsive therapy.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with amantadine in repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in rats.BMC neuroscience · 2022Article
- The role of microglia in neuropsychiatric disorders and suicide.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2022Review
- Electroconvulsive Therapy in Psychiatric Disorders: A Narrative Review Exploring Neuroendocrine-Immune Therapeutic Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Normalizing hyperactivity of the Gunn rat with bilirubin-induced neurological disorders via ketanserin.Pediatric research · 2022Article
- History of ECT in Schizophrenia: From Discovery to Current Use.Schizophrenia bulletin open · 2022Article
- Clozapine: Why Is It So Uniquely Effective in the Treatment of a Range of Neuropsychiatric Disorders?Biomolecules · 2021Review
- Electroconvulsive stimulation attenuates chronic neuroinflammation.JCI insight · 2020Article
- Article
- Chronic olanzapine administration causes metabolic syndrome through inflammatory cytokines in rodent models of insulin resistance.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Astroglial correlates of neuropsychiatric disease: From astrocytopathy to astrogliosis.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2018Review
- Gunn rats with glial activation in the hippocampus show prolonged immobility time in the forced swimming test and tail suspension test.Brain and behavior · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is regarded as one of the efficient treatments for intractable psychiatric disorders, the mechanism of therapeutic action remains unclear. Recently, many studies indicate that ECT affects the immune-related cells, such as microglia, astrocytes, and lymphocytes. Moreover, microglial activation and astrocytic activation have been implicated in the postmortem brains of schizophrenia patients. We previously demonstrated that Gunn rats showed schizophrenia-like behavior and microglial activation in their brains. The present study examined the effects of electroconvulsive shock (ECS), an animal counterpart of ECT, on schizophrenia-like behavior, microgliosis, and astrogliosis in the brain of Gunn rats.
methodsThe rats were divided into four groups, i.e., Wistar sham, Wistar ECS, Gunn sham, and Gunn ECS. ECS groups received ECS once daily for six consecutive days. Subsequently, prepulse inhibition (PPI) test was performed, and immunohistochemistry analysis was carried out to determine the activation degree of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus by using anti-CD11b and anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody, respectively.
resultsWe found PPI deficit in Gunn rats compared to Wistar rats, and it was significantly improved by ECS. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that immunoreactivity of CD11b and GFAP was significantly increased in Gunn rats compared to Wistar rats. ECS significantly attenuated the immunoreactivity of both CD11b and GFAP in Gunn rats.
conclusionsECS ameliorated schizophrenia-like behavior of Gunn rats and attenuated microgliosis and astrogliosis in the hippocampus of Gunn rats. Accordingly, therapeutic effects of ECT may be exerted, at least in part, by inhibition of glial activation. These results may provide crucial information to elucidate the role of activated glia in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and to determine whether future therapeutic interventions should attempt to up-regulate or down-regulate glial functions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.