ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2016
Icariin Metabolism by Human Intestinal Microflora.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protective effects of icariin in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: mechanistic basis, post-ischemic protection and translational limitations.Pharmaceutical biology · 2026Review
- Icariside II in Neurological Disorders: Mechanistic Insights Into Alzheimer's Disease, Cerebral Ischemia and Parkinson's Disease.Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2026Review
- Potential Therapeutic Roles of Icariin in Inflammatory Diseases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Translation Prospects.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Icariin Modulates the Reproductive-Immune Axis: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Potential.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Hepatotoxicity Assessment of Anshenbunao Syrup by Multi-Component Quantification In Vivo/In Vitro and Cell Biological Evaluations.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Icariside II suppresses NF-κB/STAT3 signaling to prevent the progression of chronic atrophic gastritis toward gastric cancer.Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2026Article
- A comprehensive narrative review ofJournal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Review
- Gut microbial metabolites targeting JUN in renal cell carcinoma via IL-17 signaling pathway: network pharmacology approach.Molecular diversity · 2026Article
- The therapeutic potential of epimedium and its bioactive flavonoids in hepatitis and cirrhosis: an integrative review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Review
- Dietary modulation shapes gut microbiota and digestive physiology associated with specialized frugivory inFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Icariin against osteoporosis: a review of advances in molecular mechanisms to biomedical applications.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Efficient Biotransformation of Icariin to Baohuoside I Using Two Novel GH1 β-Glucosidases.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A Single-Cell Atlas of the Substantia Nigra Reveals Therapeutic Effects of Icaritin in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Icariin as a Treatment Proposal in Mammalian Reproduction.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Promoting osteogenesis and bone regeneration employing icariin-loaded nanoplatforms.Journal of biological engineering · 2024Review
- Microbiota, natural products, and human health: exploring interactions for therapeutic insights.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Development and validation of UPLC-MS/MS method for icariin and its metabolites in mouse urine.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Icariin is a major bioactive compound of Epimedii Herba, a traditional oriental medicine exhibiting anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoporosis activities. Recently, the estrogenic activities of icariin drew significant attention, but the published scientific data seemed not to be so consistent. To provide fundamental information for the study of the icaritin metabolism, the biotransformation of icariin by the human intestinal bacteria is reported for the first time. Together with human intestinal microflora, the three bacteria Streptococcus sp. MRG-ICA-B, Enterococcus sp. MRG-ICA-E, and Blautia sp. MRG-PMF-1 isolated from human intestine were reacted with icariin under anaerobic conditions. The metabolites including icariside II, icaritin, and desmethylicaritin, but not icariside I, were produced. The MRG-ICA-B and E strains hydrolyzed only the glucose moiety of icariin, and icariside II was the only metabolite. However, the MRG-PMF-1 strain metabolized icariin further to desmethylicaritin via icariside II and icaritin. From the results, along with the icariin metabolism by human microflora, it was evident that most icariin is quickly transformed to icariside II before absorption in the human intestine. We propose the pharmacokinetics of icariin should focus on metabolites such as icariside II, icaritin and desmethylicaritin to explain the discrepancy between the in vitro bioassay and pharmacological effects.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.