ArticleArthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)2017
Comparative Rates of Serious Infections Among Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Receiving Immunosuppressive Medications.
Article in Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- American College of Rheumatology Guidance for the Management of Pediatric Rheumatic Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Version 1.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2020Guideline
- Intersection Between Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Primary Immunodeficiency and Cancer: a Field in its Infancy.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Review
- Incidence of serious infections, herpes zoster and hepatitis B virus reactivation among patients with SLE: a cohort study using a health claims database in Japan.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
- Association of disease-modifying antirheumatic drug selection with hospitalised infection among youth with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- [Influence of underlying disease and immunosuppression on the immunocompetence in inflammatory rheumatic diseases].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2024Review
- Comparative Risks of Infection With Belimumab Versus Oral Immunosuppressants in Patients With Nonrenal Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2023Article
- A Framework to Overcome Challenges in the Management of Infections in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Open access rheumatology : research and reviews · 2023Review
- Synthetic Pharmacotherapy for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Potential Mechanisms of Action, Efficacy, and Safety.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Review
- Association of low-dose glucocorticoid use and infection occurrence in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a prospective cohort study.Arthritis research & therapy · 2022Article
- Reduced Rate of Disease Flares in Japanese Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: An Altered Balance between the Use of Glucocorticoids and Immunosuppressants in Recent Decades.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2022Article
- Infection hospitalisation in systemic lupus in Sweden.Lupus science & medicine · 2021Article
- Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Immunodeficiency.Rheumatology and immunology research · 2021Review
- Comparative risks of cardiovascular disease events among SLE patients receiving immunosuppressive medications.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2021Article
- Combining C reactive protein and serum albumin to predict 90-day mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus with serious community-acquired infections.Lupus science & medicine · 2021Article
- COVID-19 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: lessons learned from the inflammatory disease.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Disparities in Lupus and Lupus Nephritis Care and Outcomes Among US Medicaid Beneficiaries.Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America · 2021Review
- Clinical Characteristics and Prognoses of Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Hospitalized for Pulmonary Infections.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Case Report: Kidney Transplantation in a Patient With Acquired Agammaglobulinemia and SLE. Issues and Challenges.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Navigating immunosuppression in a pandemic: A guide for the dermatologist from the COVID Task Force of the Medical Dermatology Society and Society of Dermatology Hospitalists.Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWhile infection burden is high among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), there is uncertainty about whether infection rates differ by immunosuppressive drug regimens. We undertook this study to compare infection rates among SLE patients newly initiating immunosuppressive therapy with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), azathioprine (AZA), or cyclophosphamide (CYC).
methodsWithin the Medicaid Analytic eXtract database (2000-2010; 29 most populated US states), we identified adults with SLE starting MMF, AZA, or CYC treatment. We estimated propensity scores for receipt of MMF versus AZA and MMF versus CYC based on sociodemographic, comorbidity, and medication use information. After 1:1 propensity score matching, we estimated incidence rates of serious infections up to 6 and 12 months after drug initiation and used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of first infection and death, with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). We performed primary intent-to-treat (ITT) and secondary as-treated analyses.
resultsWe studied 1,350 propensity score-matched pairs of MMF and AZA initiators and 674 propensity score-matched pairs of MMF and CYC initiators. In 6-month ITT analyses, the incidence rate per 100 person-years for first serious hospitalized infection was 14.6 in MMF users and 15.2 in AZA users (HR of MMF versus AZA 0.99 [95% CI 0.74-1.32]). Comparing MMF to CYC, the incidence rate per 100 person-years for first serious infection was 24.1 in MMF users and 24.6 in CYC users (HR 0.95 [95% CI 0.69-1.32]). There were no differences in mortality in either comparison. As-treated analyses yielded similar results.
conclusionIn a nationwide longitudinal study of Medicaid SLE patients at high risk of infection, rates of serious infection and mortality did not differ among new users of MMF, AZA, or CYC.
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