ArticleCell death and differentiation2016
The oncolytic compound LTX-401 targets the Golgi apparatus.
Article in Cell death and differentiation, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- A novel oncolytic peptide synergizing with immunotherapy.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Immunogenic cell death as a cornerstone for combination therapies with immune checkpoint blockade.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Immunobiological mechanisms of action of oncolytic peptides.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Review
- Subcellular Organelle Targeting as a Novel Approach to Combat Tumor Metastasis.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Insights into therapeutic peptides in the cancer-immunity cycle: Update and challenges.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2024Review
- Chemokine-derived oncolytic peptide induces immunogenic cancer cell death and significantly suppresses tumor growth.Cell death discovery · 2024Article
- From oncolytic peptides to oncolytic polymers: A new paradigm for oncotherapy.Bioactive materials · 2024Review
- Chemokine-derived oncolytic peptide induces immunogenic cancer cell death and significantly suppresses tumor growth.Research square · 2023Article
- Immunogenic Cell Death in Hematological Malignancy Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Review
- Peptides that immunoactivate the tumor microenvironment.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer · 2021Review
- Immunostimulation with chemotherapy in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2020Review
- Consensus guidelines for the definition, detection and interpretation of immunogenic cell death.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2020Review
- Oncolysis without viruses - inducing systemic anticancer immune responses with local therapies.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2020Review
- The Novel Oncolytic Compound LTX-401 Induces Antitumor Immune Responses in Experimental Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2019Article
- Recruitment of LC3 to damaged Golgi apparatus.Cell death and differentiation · 2019Article
- Squaramide-based synthetic chloride transporters activate TFEB but block autophagic flux.Cell death & disease · 2019Article
- Oncolysis with DTT-205 and DTT-304 generates immunological memory in cured animals.Cell death & disease · 2018Article
- Photodynamic therapy with redaporfin targets the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.The EMBO journal · 2018Article
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
18 authors at 10 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
LTX-401 is an oncolytic amino acid derivative with potential immunogenic properties. Here, we demonstrate that LTX-401 selectively destroys the structure of the Golgi apparatus, as determined by means of ultrastructural analyses and fluorescence microscopic observation of cells expressing Golgi-targeted GFP reporters. Subcellular fractionation followed by mass spectrometric detection revealed that LTX-401 selectively enriched in the Golgi rather than in mitochondria or in the cytosol. The Golgi-dissociating agent Brefeldin A (BFA) reduced cell killing by LTX-401 as it partially inhibited LTX-401-induced mitochondrial release of cytochrome c and the activation of BAX. The cytotoxic effect of LTX-401 was attenuated by the double knockout of BAX and BAK, as well as the mitophagy-enforced depletion of mitochondria, yet was refractory to caspase inhibition. LTX-401 induced all major hallmarks of immunogenic cell death detectable with biosensor cell lines including calreticulin exposure, ATP release, HMGB1 exodus and a type-1 interferon response. Moreover, LTX-401-treated tumors manifested a strong lymphoid infiltration. Altogether these results support the contention that LTX-401 can stimulate immunogenic cell death through a pathway in which Golgi-localized LTX-401 operates upstream of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.