ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2016
Racial and Ethnic Differences in End-of-Life Medicare Expenditures.
Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A comparison of conceptual frameworks to examine health inequities in End-of-Life care.Journal of advanced nursing · 2023Pooled it
- Health insurance and end-of-life healthcare expenditures: evidence from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey.npj health systems · 2026Article
- Financial Hardship, End-of-Life Health Care Use, and Costs in Patients With Cancer.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Portable Medical Orders and Inpatient Cost at End of Life in Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes.JCO oncology practice · 2025Article
- Patient, Provider, and Health System Determinants of Hospice Length of Stay.Palliative medicine reports · 2025Article
- Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Differences in Critical Care Near the End of Life: A Narrative Review.Critical care clinics · 2024Review
- Factors Associated With Mortality and Hospice Use Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Heart Failure Who Received Home Health Services.Journal of cardiac failure · 2024Article
- Pre-hospitalization dysphagia and feeding tube placement in nursing home residents with advanced dementia.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2024Article
- Comparisons of Medical Cost Trajectories Between Non-Hispanic Black and Non-Hispanic White Patients With Newly Diagnosed Localized Prostate Cancer.Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research · 2023Observational
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of REBYOTA™ (Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm [FMBL]) Versus Standard of Care for the Prevention of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection in the USA.Advances in therapy · 2023Article
- Budget Impact Analysis of REBYOTA™ (Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm [FMBL]) for Preventing Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection in the US.Advances in therapy · 2023Article
- Incidence of Aggressive End-of-Life Care Among Older Adults With Metastatic Cancer Living in Nursing Homes and Community Settings.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- A Decade of Studying Drivers of Disparities in End-of-Life Care for Black Americans: Using the NIMHD Framework for Health Disparities Research to Map the Path Ahead.Journal of pain and symptom management · 2022Review
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in Hospice Use and Hospitalizations at End-of-Life Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Dementia.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Opportunities to Improve Palliative Care Delivery in Trauma Critical Illness.The American journal of hospice & palliative care · 2022Article
- Determinants of Total End-of-Life Health Care Costs of Medicare Beneficiaries: A Quantile Regression Forests Analysis.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2022Article
- Anxiety, Depression, Quality of Life, Caregiver Burden, and Perceptions of Caregiver-Centered Communication among Black and White Hospice Family Caregivers.Journal of palliative medicine · 2022Article
- Impact of dementia: Health disparities, population trends, care interventions, and economic costs.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2021Review
- Goals-of-Care Consultations Are Associated with Lower Costs and Less Acute Care Use among Propensity-Matched Cohorts of African Americans and Whites with Serious Illness.Journal of palliative medicine · 2020Article
- Role of norms in variation in cancer centers' end-of-life quality: qualitative case study protocol.BMC palliative care · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo determine to what extent demographic, social support, socioeconomic, geographic, medical, and End-of-Life (EOL) planning factors explain racial and ethnic variation in Medicare spending during the last 6 months of life.
designRetrospective cohort study.
settingHealth and Retirement Study (HRS).
participantsDecedents who participated in HRS between 1998 and 2012 and previously consented to survey linkage with Medicare claims (N = 7,105). MEASUREMENTS: Total Medicare expenditures in the last 180 days of life according to race and ethnicity, controlling for demographic factors, social supports, geography, illness burden, and EOL planning factors, including presence of advance directives, discussion of EOL treatment preferences, and whether death had been expected.
resultsThe analysis included 5,548 (78.1%) non-Hispanic white, 1,030 (14.5%) non-Hispanic black, and 331 (4.7%) Hispanic adults and 196 (2.8%) adults of other race or ethnicity. Unadjusted results suggest that average EOL Medicare expenditures were $13,522 (35%, P < .001) more for black decedents and $16,341 (42%, P < .001) more for Hispanics than for whites. Controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, geographic, medical, and EOL-specific factors, the Medicare expenditure difference between groups fell to $8,047 (22%, P < .001) more for black and $6,855 (19%, P < .001) more for Hispanic decedents than expenditures for non-Hispanic whites. The expenditure differences between groups remained statistically significant in all models.
conclusionIndividuals-level factors, including EOL planning factors do not fully explain racial and ethnic differences in Medicare spending in the last 6 months of life. Future research should focus on broader systemic, organizational, and provider-level factors to explain these differences.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.