ReviewCancer research2016
Humanized Mouse Xenograft Models: Narrowing the Tumor-Microenvironment Gap.
Review in Cancer research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 139 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
139 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 241 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meningioma animal models: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Patient-Derived Xenograft Models in Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Development of humanized mouse with patient-derived xenografts for cancer immunotherapy studies: A comprehensive review.Cancer science · 2021Pooled it
- Spatial ecotype in tumor immune exclusion: from spatial architecture to therapeutic strategies.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Preclinical Models of Bladder Cancer: Barrier, Metabolic, and Translational Susceptibility.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Humanized immune system animal models and their recent applications.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Establishing human immune system mice: application, opportunity, and challenges.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Models of high-grade serous carcinoma of tubo-ovarian origin.Oncology reviews · 2026Review
- A new era in CAR-NK cell therapy: from technological innovations to clinical applications.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2026Review
- Functional significance of miR-218 in lung cancer.Journal of cancer metastasis and treatment · 2026Article
- Harnessing DNA barcoding to enhance and sustain polyclonality in gene-edited hematopoietic stem cells.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Antitumor Efficacy of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E7-Affitoxin in C57BL/6JNifdc Mice Bearing TC-1 Tumors.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Unraveling the molecular-pathological characteristics and cellular complexity of the tumor immune microenvironment in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Nanoparticle-Based Delivery Strategies for Combating Drug Resistance in Cancer Therapeutics.Cancers · 2025Review
- From lab to life: technological innovations in transforming cancer metastasis detection and therapy.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- A Double-Humanized Murine Model in Bladder Cancer: A Novel Preclinical Model for Cancer Immunology Research.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Decoding MHC loss: Molecular mechanisms and implications for immune resistance in cancer.Clinical and translational medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Challenges in the preclinical design and assessment of CAR-T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
79 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cancer research has long been hampered by the limitations of the current model systems. Both cultured cells and mouse xenografts grow in an environment highly dissimilar to that of their originating tumor, frequently resulting in promising treatments that are ultimately clinically ineffective. The development of highly immunodeficient mouse strains into which human immune systems can be engrafted can help bridge this gap. Humanized mice (HM) allow researchers to examine xenograft growth in the context of a human immune system and resultant tumor microenvironment, and recent studies have highlighted the increased similarities in attendant tumor structure, metastasis, and signaling to those features in cancer patients. This setting also facilitates the examination of investigational cancer therapies, including new immunotherapies. This review discusses recent advancements in the generation and application of HM models, their promise in cancer research, and their potential in generating clinically relevant treatments. This review also focuses on current efforts to improve HM models by engineering mouse strains expressing human cytokines or HLA proteins and implanting human bone, liver, and thymus tissue to facilitate immune cell maturation and trafficking. Finally, we discuss how these improvements may help direct future HM model cancer studies. Cancer Res; 76(21); 6153-8. ©2016 AACR.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.