Trial reportBMC health services research2016
A time-use study of community health worker service activities in three rural districts of Tanzania (Rufiji, Ulanga and Kilombero).
Trial report in BMC health services research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analysis of the institutionalisation of Integrated Community Case Management and its implications for access to community healthcare since 2019 in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.BMC primary care · 2026Pooled it
- Bringing malaria diagnosis and treatment closer to the people: economic rationale for expanding malaria community case management to all ages in a rural district in Madagascar.Malaria journal · 2025Trial
- Personnel time requirements for mobile chest X-ray screening for TB.IJTLD open · 2025Article
- Survey protocol: implementing Workload Indicators of Staffing Need in Iranian primary healthcare services.Primary health care research & development · 2025Article
- A time-motion study of community health workers delivering community-based primary health care in Neno District, Malawi.Human resources for health · 2023Article
- Anganwadi worker time use in Madhya Pradesh, India: a cross-sectional study.BMC health services research · 2020Article
- Article
- Case study of a method of development of a selection process for community health workers in sub-Saharan Africa.Human resources for health · 2019Article
- Who are CHWs? An ethnographic study of the multiple identities of community health workers in three rural Districts in Tanzania.BMC health services research · 2019Article
- The predictive validity of the Living Goods selection tools for community health workers in Kenya: cohort study.BMC health services research · 2018Article
- Mentorship and coaching to support strengthening healthcare systems: lessons learned across the five Population Health Implementation and Training partnership projects in sub-Saharan Africa.BMC health services research · 2017Article
- What, when, and how long? Doula time use in a community doula program in San Francisco, California.Women's health (London, England)Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite expanding international commitment to community health worker (CHW) deployment, little is known about how such workers actually use their time. This paper investigates this issue for paid CHWs named "Community Health Agents," which in Swahili is "Wawezeshaji wa Afya ya Jamii" ("WAJA"), trained for 9 months in primary health care service delivery and deployed to villages as subjects of a randomized trial of their impact on childhood survival in three rural districts of Tanzania.
methodsTo capture information about time allocation, 30 WAJA were observed during conventional working hours by research assistants for 5 days each over a period of 4 weeks. Results were presented in term of percentage time allocation for direct client treatment, documentation activities, health education, health promotion non-work-related activities and personal activities.
resultsDuring routine 8-h workdays, 59.5 % of WAJA time was spent on the provision of health services and other work-related activities. Overall, WAJA spent 27.8 % of their work on traveling from home to home, 33.1 % on health education, 9.9 % of health promotion and only 12.3 % on direct patient care. Other activities related to documentation (7.8 %) and supervision (2.5 %).
conclusionsResults reflect the pressing obligations of WAJA to engage in activities other than direct work responsibilities during routine work hours. Time spent on work activities is primarily used for health education, promotion, moving between households, and direct patient care. However, greater effort should be directed to strengthening supervisory systems and follow-up of challenges WAJAs facing in order to increase proportion of working hours.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.