ArticleJournal of visualized experiments : JoVE2016
Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets.
Article in Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development of a Microfluidics-Based Approach for Investigating Microtubule Polymer Mechanics.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2025Article
- Towards a synthetic cell cycle.Nature communications · 2021Review
- Preparing Protein Producing Synthetic Cells using Cell Free Bacterial Extracts, Liposomes and Emulsion Transfer.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2020Article
- The Generation of Dynein Networks by Multi-Layered Regulation and Their Implication in Cell Division.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Review
- Light-inducible activation of cell cycle progression in Xenopus egg extracts under microfluidic confinement.Lab on a chip · 2019Article
- Actin-microtubule crosstalk in cell biology.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2019Review
- The Spindle: Integrating Architecture and Mechanics across Scales.Trends in cell biology · 2018Review
- A coevolution-guided model for the rotor of the bacterial flagellar motor.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Probing the biology of cell boundary conditions through confinement of Xenopus cell-free cytoplasmic extracts.Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) · 2017Review
- Physical determinants of bipolar mitotic spindle assembly and stability in fission yeast.Science advances · 2017Article
- Understanding force-generating microtubule systems through in vitro reconstitution.Cell adhesion & migration · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mitotic spindle assembly, positioning and orientation depend on the combined forces generated by microtubule dynamics, microtubule motor proteins and cross-linkers. Growing microtubules can generate pushing forces, while depolymerizing microtubules can convert the energy from microtubule shrinkage into pulling forces, when attached, for example, to cortical dynein or chromosomes. In addition, motor proteins and diffusible cross-linkers within the spindle contribute to spindle architecture by connecting and sliding anti-parallel microtubules. In vivo, it has proven difficult to unravel the relative contribution of individual players to the overall balance of forces. Here we present the methods that we recently developed in our efforts to reconstitute basic mitotic spindles bottom-up in vitro. Using microfluidic techniques, centrosomes and tubulin are encapsulated in water-in-oil emulsion droplets, leading to the formation of geometrically confined (double) microtubule asters. By additionally introducing cortically anchored dynein, plus-end directed microtubule motors and diffusible cross-linkers, this system is used to reconstitute spindle-like structures. The methods presented here provide a starting point for reconstitution of more complete mitotic spindles, allowing for a detailed study of the contribution of each individual component, and for obtaining an integrated quantitative view of the force-balance within the mitotic spindle.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.