ArticleRetina (Philadelphia, Pa.)2017
EXPLORING PHOTORECEPTOR REFLECTIVITY THROUGH MULTIMODAL IMAGING OF OUTER RETINAL TUBULATION IN ADVANCED AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION.
Article in Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Histologic Photoreceptor and Retinal Pigment Epithelium Degeneration in an Eye With Clinically Documented Geographic Atrophy of AMD.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Outer retinal tubulation associated with photoreceptor degeneration.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2026Review
- Photoreceptor Function and Structure in Retinal Areas With Intraretinal Hyperreflective Foci in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Band Visibility in High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography Assessed With a Custom Review Tool and Updated, Histology-Derived Nomenclature.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Twenty-five years of clinical applications using adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy [Invited].Biomedical optics express · 2023Review
- Sub-retinal pigment epithelium tubules in non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Adaptive optics: principles and applications in ophthalmology.Eye (London, England) · 2021Review
- Early localized alterations of the retinal inner plexiform layer in association with visual field worsening in glaucoma patients.PloS one · 2021Article
- Atlas of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Organelles Significant for Clinical Imaging.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Flavins Act as a Critical Liaison Between Metabolic Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress in the Retina.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Review
- Visual Function at the Atrophic Border in Choroideremia Assessed with Adaptive Optics Microperimetry.Ophthalmology. Retina · 2019Article
- The effect of ranibizumab and aflibercept treatment on the prevalence of outer retinal tubulation and its influence on retreatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.BMC ophthalmology · 2018Article
- HISTOLOGY OF GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY SECONDARY TO AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION: A Multilayer Approach.Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2018Article
- OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AND HISTOLOGY OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION SUPPORT MITOCHONDRIA AS REFLECTIVITY SOURCES.Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2018Review
- Photoreceptor-Based Biomarkers in AOSLO Retinal Imaging.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2017Review
- Activated Retinal Pigment Epithelium, an Optical Coherence Tomography Biomarker for Progression in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo investigate the microscopic structure of outer retinal tubulation (ORT) and optical properties of cone photoreceptors in vivo, we studied ORT appearance by multimodal imaging, including spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.
methodsFour eyes of four subjects with advanced age-related macular degeneration underwent color fundus photography, infrared reflectance imaging, SD-OCT, and adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy with a high-resolution research instrument. Outer retinal tubulation was identified in closely spaced (11 μm) SD-OCT volume scans.
resultsOuter retinal tubulation in cross-sectional and en face SD-OCT was a hyporeflective area representing a lumen surrounded by a hyperreflective border consisting of cone photoreceptor mitochondria and external limiting membrane, per previous histology. In contrast, ORT by adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy was a hyporeflective structure of the same shape as in en face SD-OCT but lacking visualizable cone photoreceptors.
conclusionLack of ORT cone reflectivity by adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy indicates that cones have lost their normal directionality and waveguiding property due to loss of outer segments and subsequent retinal remodeling. Reflective ORT cones by SD-OCT, in contrast, may depend partly on mitochondria as light scatterers within inner segments of these degenerating cells, a phenomenon enhanced by coherent imaging. Multimodal imaging of ORT provides insight into cone degeneration and reflectivity sources in optical coherence tomography.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.