ArticleJournal of visualized experiments : JoVE2016
An Orthotopic Mouse Model of Spontaneous Breast Cancer Metastasis.
Article in Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Dual-Targeted M1 Macrophage Extracellular Vesicles Reprogram the Tumor Microenvironment and Enhance Natural Killer Cell Immunotherapy in Breast Cancer.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Robust Scoring System to Evaluate Animal Well-Being in Murine (Mus musculus) Orthotopic Breast Cancer and Ovarian Cancer Models.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2026Article
- Synthetic DNA vaccine platform elicits potent immunity where electroporated naked-mRNA is non-immunogenic.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Development of immunocompetent models for primary and metastatic ER+ breast cancer.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- MAML1 drives Notch and Hedgehog oncogenic pathways by inhibiting Itch activity in triple-negative breast cancer.Cell death and differentiation · 2026Article
- How to efficiently establish animal models of cholangiocarcinoma: challenges and inspiration.Medical review (2021) · 2026Review
- Heterologous prime-boost immunization of AAV-based neoantigen cancer vaccine induces anti-tumor immunity to inhibit tumor growth and relapse.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Modelling the metastatic immune microenvironment in triple-negative breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- FZD7 expression marks mammary tumor-initiating cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Between Prometheus and Thanatos: Reflections on Intracardiac Injection Models for Metastasis in Mice.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2025Review
- The administration of passive and active immunotherapy against Syntenin-1 decreased the tumoral growth and pulmonary metastasis in a murine model of triple-negative breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- From lab to life: technological innovations in transforming cancer metastasis detection and therapy.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Dark Sweet Cherry Anthocyanins Suppressed Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Pulmonary Metastasis and Downregulated Genes Associated with Metastasis and Therapy ResistanceInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Exosomal POU5 F1 derived from TNBC promotes cancer progression by regulating M2 macrophage polarization via inhibiting TRAF6 ubiquitination and activating AKT in macrophage.Cell biology and toxicology · 2025Article
- Establishing preclinical models for clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Breast cancer preclinical models: a vital resource for comprehending disease mechanisms and therapeutic development.EXCLI journal · 2025Review
- Innate immunity gene Nod2 protects mice from orthotopic breast cancer.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- ADT-OH exhibits anti-metastatic activity on triple-negative breast cancer by combinatorial targeting of autophagy and mitochondrial fission.Cell death & disease · 2024Article
- The temporal progression of lung immune remodeling during breast cancer metastasis.Cancer cell · 2024Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of mortality of breast cancer patients. The mechanism underlying cancer cell metastasis, including breast cancer metastasis, is largely unknown and is a focus in cancer research. Various breast cancer spontaneous metastasis mouse models have been established. Here, we report a simplified procedure to establish orthotopic transplanted breast cancer primary tumor and resultant spontaneous metastasis that mimic human breast cancer metastasis. Combined with the bioluminescence live tumor imaging, this mouse model allows tumor growth and progression kinetics to be monitored and quantified. In this model, a low dose (1 x 10(4) cells) of 4T1-Luc breast cancer cells was injected into BALB/c mouse mammary fat pad using a tuberculin syringe. Mice were injected with luciferin and imaged at various time points using a bioluminescent imaging system. When the primary tumors grew to the size limit as in the IACUC-approved protocol (approximately 30 days), mice were anesthetized under constant flow of 2% isoflurane and oxygen. The tumor area was sterilized with 70% ethanol. The mouse skin around the tumor was excised to expose the tumor which was removed with a pair of sterile scissors. Removal of the primary tumor extends the survival of the 4T-1 tumor-bearing mice for one month. The mice were then repeatedly imaged for metastatic tumor spreading to distant organs. Therapeutic agents can be administered to suppress tumor metastasis at this point. This model is simple and yet sensitive in quantifying breast cancer cell growth in the primary site and progression kinetics to distant organs, and thus is an excellent model for studying breast cancer growth and progression, and for testing anti-metastasis therapeutic and immunotherapeutic agents in vivo.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.