ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2016
A Comprehensive and System Review for the Pharmacological Mechanism of Action of Rhein, an Active Anthraquinone Ingredient.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 138 citations in OpenAlex.
- Treatment of liver fibrosis in hepatolenticular degeneration with traditional Chinese medicine: systematic review of meta-analysis, network pharmacology and molecular dynamics simulation.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Rhein Prevents APAP-induced drug-induced Liver Injury by Upregulating Nrf2 and Inhibiting APAP-activating Enzymes.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Article
- All-in-one: a CGRP-encapsulated Rh-GelMA supramolecular dual-network hydrogel orchestrating immune-vascular coupling for diabetic wound healing.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Rhein attenuates oxidative stress-induced injury in human ovarian granulosa cells by inhibiting the NF-κB-TNF-α/IL-6/PTGS2 inflammatory axis.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Synergistic Interactions of Anthraquinones with Conventional Cancer Therapies.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2026Review
- Advances in oral treatment of inflammatory bowel disease using protein-based nanoparticle drug delivery systems.Drug delivery · 2025Review
- Review
- Nanocarrier-enabled delivery of natural antiobesity agents.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- Rhein Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Damage of Alzheimer's Disease via Regulating the Glutamine-Aspartate-Arginine-NO Metabolic Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Unveiling Anthraquinones: Diverse Health Benefits of an Essential Secondary Metabolite.Recent patents on biotechnology · 2025Review
- Development of Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Rhein to Improve Biopharmaceutical Performance: Physiochemical Characterization, and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- Rhein Alleviates Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury via Downregulation of NOX4-COX2/PGFS Signaling Pathway.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Article
- Rhein: An Updated Review Concerning Its Biological Activity, Pharmacokinetics, Structure Optimization, and Future Pharmaceutical Applications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Comparative transcriptome analysis and HPLC reveal candidate genes associated with synthesis of bioactive constituents inPhysiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology · 2024Article
- Rhein Inhibits Cell Development and Aflatoxin Biosynthesis via Energy Supply Disruption and ROS Accumulation inToxins · 2024Article
- Integrated multi-omics analyses combined with western blotting discovered that cis-TSG alleviated liver injury via modulating lipid metabolism.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Rhein alleviates MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease by suppressing neuroinflammation via MAPK/IκB pathway.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Rhein suppresses African swine fever virus replication in vitro via activating the caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.Virus research · 2023Article
- Cell and rat serum, urine and tissue metabolomics analysis elucidates the key pathway changes associated with chronic nephropathy and reveals the mechanism of action of rhein.Chinese medicine · 2023Article
- Common mechanisms underlying diabetic vascular complications: focus on the interaction of metabolic disorders, immuno-inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rhein is a major medicinal ingredient isolated from several traditional Chinese medicines, including Rheum palmatum L., Aloe barbadensis Miller, Cassia angustifolia Vahl., and Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Rhein has various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant, antifibrosis, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective activities. Although more than 100 articles in PubMed are involved in the pharmacological mechanism of action of rhein, only a few focus on the relationship of crosstalk among multiple pharmacological mechanisms. The mechanism of rhein involves multiple pathways which contain close interactions. From the overall perspective, the pathways which are related to the targets of rhein, are initiated by the membrane receptor. Then, MAPK and PI3K-AKT parallel signaling pathways are activated, and several downstream pathways are affected, thereby eventually regulating cell cycle and apoptosis. The therapeutic effect of rhein, as a multitarget molecule, is the synergistic and comprehensive result of the involvement of multiple pathways rather than the blocking or activation of a single signaling pathway. We review the pharmacological mechanisms of action of rhein by consulting literature published in the last 100 years in PubMed. We then summarize these pharmacological mechanisms from a comprehensive, interactive, and crosstalk perspective. In general, the molecular mechanism of action of drug must be understood from a systematic and holistic perspective, which can provide a theoretical basis for precise treatment and rational drug use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.