ReviewCanadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie2016
Canadian Studies on the Effectiveness of Community Treatment Orders.
Review in Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immigrant, racialised and ethno-culturally diverse communities and community treatment orders: A scoping review.The International journal of social psychiatry · 2025Article
- Psychiatric Risk Governance Across Jurisdictions: A Comparative Analysis of Involuntary Treatment, Community Treatment Orders, and Forensic Mental Health Services.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- The Impact of Community Treatment Orders on Substitute Decision Makers.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2021Article
- Community Treatment Order Outcomes in Quebec: A Unique Jurisdiction.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2020Article
- Service Users' Knowledge and Views on Outpatients' Compulsory Community Treatment Orders: A Cross-Sectional Matched Comparison Study.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2019Article
- Community Treatment Orders and Other Forms of Mandatory Outpatient Treatment.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2019Article
- Coercion in Outpatients under Community Treatment Orders: A Matched Comparison Study.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2018Article
- Effectiveness of Community Treatment Orders: The International Evidence.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2016Review
- Doubts About the Clinical Effectiveness of Community Treatment Orders.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesCommunity treatment orders (CTOs) for people with severe mental illnesses are used across most of Canada. It is unclear if they can reduce health service use, or improve clinical and social outcomes. This review summarizes the evidence from studies conducted in Canada.
methodA systematic literature search of PubMed and MEDLINE to March 2015 was conducted. Inclusion criteria were quantitative and qualitative studies undertaken in Canada that presented data on the effect of CTOs on outcomes.
resultsNine papers from 8 studies were included in the review. Four studies compared health service use before and after compulsory treatment as well as engagement with psychosocial supports. Three were qualitative evaluations of patients, family, or staff and the last was a postal survey of psychiatrists. Hospital readmission rates and days spent in hospital were all reduced following CTO placement, while outpatient attendance and participation in psychiatric services and housing all improved. Family members and clinicians were generally positive about the effect of CTOs but patients were ambivalent. However, the strength of the evidence was limited as many of the studies were small, only one included control subjects, and there was no adjustment for potential confounders using either matching or multivariate analyses. Only 2 qualitative studies included the views of patients and their families.
conclusionsThe evidence base for the use of CTOs in Canada is limited and this lack of Canadian research is in marked contrast to other countries where there have been large studies that have used randomized or matched control subjects. Their use should be kept under review.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.