ReviewEuropean journal of applied physiology2016
Bilateral deficit in maximal force production.
Review in European journal of applied physiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effect of isometric handgrip exercise on cognitive function: Current evidence, methodology, and safety considerations.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of Bilateral and Unilateral Resistance Training on Horizontally Orientated Movement Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Pooled it
- Small muscle mass exercise enhances muscular adaptations? Effects of unilateral and bilateral biceps curl on maximum strength and muscle size changes.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Trial
- Comparative effects of unilateral, bilateral, and hybrid combined resistance training on straight punch performance in adolescent boxers: a focus on dominant and non-dominant-side adaptations.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Trial
- Effects of Bilateral or Unilateral Plyometric Training of Lower Limbs on the Bilateral Deficit During Explosive Efforts.Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions · 2024Trial
- Biomechanics of Copenhagen Adduction Exercise and Eccentric Hip Adductor Exercises on a Novel Isokinetic Dynamometer With Within-Session Repeatability.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2026Article
- Bilateral Deficit Using a Climbing-Specific Fingerboard Test and Its Association with Sport Climbers' Performance.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Comparison of Unilateral, Asymmetric and Traditional Bilateral Resistance Training in Untrained Women: A Pilot and Proof-of-Concept Study.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Article
- Hip and Knee Bilateral Deficit Across Bilateral, Unilateral, and Split-Load Leg Press Conditions.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Article
- Time-dependent facilitation of homologous actions.Experimental brain research · 2026Article
- Dynamic Field Assessment of Hip Adductor Function Using a Smartphone-Based Copenhagen Test: Reliability and Concurrent Associations with Isometric Strength in Amateur Football Players.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Robotic exoskeleton rehabilitation in incomplete L2 paraplegia: functional gains contrast with metabolic challenges - a multidimensional case report.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2026Article
- Effects of Multiple Judo Bouts in the Bilateral Strength Deficit on the Countermovement Jump Metrics.Journal of human kinetics · 2026Article
- Associations of Bilateral Deficit during Jumping with Physical Performance in Tennis Players.Journal of human kinetics · 2025Article
- The Impact of a Modality Switch During Isokinetic Leg Extensions on Performance Fatigability and Neuromuscular Patterns of Response.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Comparison of contralateral muscle excitation in proximal versus distal muscles in the upper extremities.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
- Variability of unilateral and bilateral isometric muscle strength of lower extremities extensors in young females and males.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2024Article
- The effects of sex and load on quantifying the bilateral force deficit during an upper body Wingate test.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- Characterisation of the Muscle Protein Synthetic Response to Resistance Exercise in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Exploratory Meta-Analysis.Translational sports medicine · 2024Review
- Bilateral index, power, force, and velocity during bench press with different loads in male handball players.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The bilateral deficit phenomenon, characterized by a reduction in the amount of force from a single limb during maximal bilateral actions, has been shown in various movement tasks, contraction types and different populations. However, bilateral deficit appears to be an inconsistent phenomenon, with high variability in magnitude and existence, and seems to be plastic, as bilateral facilitation has also been shown to occur. Furthermore, many mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have been proposed over the years, but still remain largely unknown. The purpose of this review was to clarify and critically discuss some of the important issues relevant to bilateral deficit. The main findings of this review were: (1) bilateral deficit does not seem to be contraction-type dependent; however, it is more consistent in dynamic compared to isometric contractions; (2) postural stabilization requirements and/or ability to use counterbalances during unilateral actions seem to influence the expression of bilateral deficit to a great extent; strong evidence has been provided for higher-order neural inhibition as a possible mechanism, but requires further exploration using a lower limb model; biomechanical mechanisms, such as differences in shortening velocity between contraction modes and displacement of the force-velocity curve, seem to underlie bilateral deficit in ballistic and explosive contractions; (3) task familiarity has a large influence on bilateral deficit and thus adequate testing specificity is warranted in training/cross-sectional experiments; (4) the literature investigating the relationship between bilateral deficit and athletic performance and injury remains scarce; hence, further research in this area is required.
Indexed as
Identifiers
27582260What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.