ArticleReproductive health2016
Incidence of intrapartum stillbirth and associated risk factors in tertiary care setting of Nepal: a case-control study.
Article in Reproductive health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors associated with stillbirth in selected countries of South Asia: A systematic review of observational studies.PloS one · 2020Pooled it
- Effect of antenatal care attendance on maternal and birth outcomes in Somaliland: a cohort study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Stillbirths by maternal-obstetric characteristics and Robson classification system: a cross-sectional study from eight district hospitals in Bangladesh.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with stillbirth in mothers delivered by cesarean section at Orotta National Referral Maternity Hospital: case-control study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Stillbirth rates, trend and distribution in the Volta region, Ghana: findings from institutional data analysis, 2018-2022.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Pooled prevalence and multilevel determinants of stillbirths in sub-Saharan African countries: implications for achieving sustainable development goal.Global health research and policy · 2025Article
- Evidence-based intrapartum care during vaginal births: Direct observations in a tertiary care hospital in Central Sri Lanka.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Identifying avoidable causes of perinatal deaths in a district hospital in Lesotho.Curationis · 2024Article
- Proportion of stillbirth and associated factors among women who deliver at public hospitals in Bahir Dar city, north-West Ethiopia.BMC women's health · 2024Article
- Perinatal care and its association with perinatal death among women attending care in three district hospitals of western Uganda.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Incidence and determinants of perinatal mortality in five urban hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a cohort study with an embedded case-control analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Determinants of stillbirth among mothers who gave birth at Bishoftu General Hospital, Ethiopia: using a Bayesian logistic regression model.Frontiers in global women's health · 2024Article
- Impact of Action Taken in Response to Stillbirth Audit: A Success Story.Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of India · 2023Article
- Scale-Up of a Newborn Resuscitation Capacity-Building and Skill Retention Program Associated With Improved Neonatal Outcomes in Gandaki Province, Nepal.Global health, science and practice · 2023Article
- Modeling clinical and non-clinical determinants of intrapartum stillbirths in singletons in six public hospitals in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana: a case-control study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Timing of perinatal death; causes, circumstances, and regional variations among reviewed deaths in Ethiopia.PloS one · 2023Article
- Stillbirths among Pregnant Women Admitted to Department of Obstetrics in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2022Article
- Magnitude and associated factors of stillbirth among women who gave birth at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, eastern Ethiopia.European journal of midwifery · 2022Article
- Determinants of stillbirth among women who gave birth at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia: A facility-based cross-sectional study.SAGE open medicine · 2022Article
- Stillbirth and Associated Factors Among Women Who Gave Birth at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEach year, 1.2 million intrapartum stillbirths occur globally. In Nepal, about 50 % of the total number of stillbirths occur during the intrapartum period. An understanding of the risk factors associated with intrapartum stillbirth will facilitate the development of preventative strategies to reduce the associated burden of death. This study was conducted in a tertiary-care setting with the aim to identify risk factors associated with intrapartum stillbirth.
methodsA case-control study was completed from July 2012 to September 2013. All women who had an intrapartum stillbirth during the study period were included as cases, and 20 % of women with live births were randomly selected upon admission to create the referent population. Relevant information was retrieved from clinical records for case and referent women. In addition, interviews were completed with each woman to determine their demographic and obstetric history.
resultsDuring the study period, 4,476 women were enrolled as referents and 136 women had intrapartum stillbirths. The following factors were found to be associated with an increased risk for intrapartum stillbirth: poor familial wealth quintile (Adj OR 1.8, 95 % CI-1.1-3.4); less maternal education (Adj OR, 3.2 95 % CI-1.8-5.5); lack of antenatal care (Adj OR, 4.8 95 % CI 3.2-7.2); antepartum hemorrhage (Adj OR 2.1, 95 % CI 1.1-4.2); multiple births (Adj. OR-3.0, 95 % CI- 1.9-5.4); obstetric complication during labor (Adj. OR 4.5, 95 % CI-2.9-6.9); lack of fetal heart rate monitoring per protocol (Adj. OR-1.9, 95 % CI 1.5-2.4); lack of partogram use (Adj. OR-2.1, 95 % CI 1.1-4.1); small-for-gestational age (Adj. OR-1.8, 95 % CI-1.2-1.7); preterm birth (Adj. OR-5.4, 95 % CI 3.5-8.2); and being born preterm with a small-for-gestational age (Adj. OR-9.0, 95 % CI 7.3-15.5).
conclusionBeing born preterm with a small-for-gestational age was associated with the highest risk for intrapartum stillbirth. Inadequate fetal heart rate monitoring and partogram use are preventable risk factors associated with intrapartum stillbirth; by increasing adherence to these interventions the risk of intrapartum stillbirth can be reduced. The association of the lack of appropriate antenatal care with intrapartum stillbirth indicates that quality antenatal care may improve fetal health and outcomes.
trial registrationISRCTN97846009.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.