ArticleMalaria journal2016
Immune response pattern in recurrent Plasmodium vivax malaria.
Article in Malaria journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between interleukin-2 cytokine levels and Plasmodium infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of blood interleukin-4 levels concerning malaria infection and severity.Malaria journal · 2022Pooled it
- Reduction in total leukocytes in malaria patients compared to febrile controls: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- The Landscape of Malaria in a Five-Decade Institution in the State of Amazonas: Historical Trends, Scientific Contributions, and Research Priorities.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2026Review
- Parasite genotypes and host immune mediators in primary and recurrent episodes of vivax Malaria in Colombia.Revista peruana de medicina experimental y salud publica · 2025Article
- IFN‑γ Production in Memory CD4ACS omega · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 andFrontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Inflammatory cytokine responses in children with asymptomatic malaria infection living in rural, semi-urban and urban areas in south-eastern Gabon.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2021Article
- Humoral and cellular immune response to Plasmodium vivax VIR recombinant and synthetic antigens in individuals naturally exposed to P. vivax in the Republic of Korea.Malaria journal · 2021Article
- The Interface Between Inflammatory Mediators and MicroRNAs inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Properties and Roles of γδT Cells inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Rosettes integrity protects Plasmodium vivax of being phagocytized.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Increased platelet distribution width and reduced IL-2 and IL-12 are associated with thrombocytopenia in Plasmodium vivax malaria.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2020Article
- A FirstFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Innate immunity to malaria-The role of monocytes.Immunological reviews · 2020Review
- Epidemiological profiles of recurrent malaria episodes in an endemic area along the Thailand-Myanmar border: a prospective cohort study.Malaria journal · 2019Article
- A simple, ex vivo phagocytosis assay of Plasmodium vivax merozoites by flow cytometry.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2019Article
- Submicroscopic Plasmodium infection during pregnancy is associated with reduced antibody levels to tetanus toxoid.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2019Article
- Screening and identification of potential novel biomarker for diagnosis of complicated Plasmodium vivax malaria.Journal of translational medicine · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPlasmodium vivax is the causative agent of human malaria of large geographic distribution, with 35 million cases annually. In Brazil, it is the most prevalent species, being responsible by around 70 % of the malaria cases.
methodsA cross-sectional study was performed in Manaus (Amazonas, Brazil), including 36 adult patients with primary malaria, 19 with recurrent malaria, and 20 endemic controls. The ex vivo phenotypic features of circulating leukocyte subsets (CD4(+) T-cells, CD8(+) T-cells, NK, NKT, B, B1 and Treg cells) as well as the plasmatic cytokine profile (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF and IFN-γ) were assessed, aiming at establishing patterns of immune response characteristic of primary malaria vs recurrent malaria as compared to endemic controls.
resultsThe proportion of subjects with high levels of WBC was reduced in malaria patients as compared to the endemic control. Monocytes were diminished particularly in patients with primary malaria. The proportion of subjects with high levels of all lymphocyte subsets was decreased in all malaria groups, regardless their clinical status. Decreased proportion of subjects with high levels of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells was found especially in the group of patients with recurrent malaria. Data analysis indicated significant increase in the proportion of the subjects with high plasmatic cytokine levels in both malaria groups, characterizing a typical cytokine storm. Recurrent malaria patients displayed the highest plasmatic IL-10 levels, that correlated directly with the CD4(+)/CD8(+) T-cells ratio and the number of malaria episodes.
conclusionThe findings confirm that the infection by the P. vivax causes a decrease in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets, which is intensified in the cases of "recurrent malaria". The unbalanced CD4(+)/CD8(+) T-cells ratio, as well as increased IL-10 levels were correlated with the number of recurrent malaria episodes. These results suggest that the gradual remodelling of the immune response is dependent on the repeated exposure to the parasite, which involves a strict control of the immune response mediated by the CD4(+)/CD8(+) T-cell unbalance and exacerbated IL-10 secretion.
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