ArticleBMC medicine2016
Investigating the pertussis resurgence in England and Wales, and options for future control.
Article in BMC medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Memory B Cell Activation Induced by Pertussis Booster Vaccination in Four Age Groups of Three Countries.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Immunogenicity and safety of a second booster dose of an acellular pertussis vaccine combined with reduced antigen content diphtheria-tetanus toxoids 10 years after a first booster in adolescence: An open, phase III, non-randomized, multi-center study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2018Trial
- Quantifying the impact of vaccination on pertussis dynamics in Sweden.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Exploring the cause of the pertussis resurgence in England following the COVID-19 pandemic: a mathematical modelling study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Resurgence of pertussis: Epidemiological trends, contributing factors, challenges, and recommendations for vaccination and surveillance.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Pertussis resurgence: epidemiological trends, pathogenic mechanisms, and preventive strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Pertussis vaccines, epidemiology and evolution.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2024Review
- Outer membrane vesicles derived fromFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Mucosal vaccination with outer membrane vesicles derived fromFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Whole-Genome Analysis of Bordetella pertussis MT27 Isolates from School-Associated Outbreaks: Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Diversity and Threshold of the Outbreak Strains.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Lessons from a mature acellular pertussis vaccination program and strategies to overcome suboptimal vaccine effectiveness.Expert review of vaccines · 2022Article
- Dissecting recurrent waves of pertussis across the boroughs of London.PLoS computational biology · 2022Review
- Burden of whooping cough in China (PertussisChina): study protocol of a prospective, population-based case-control study.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Bordetella pertussis infections in England.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Bordetella pertussis in School-Age Children, Adolescents and Adults: A Systematic Review of Epidemiology and Mortality in Europe.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2021Review
- How to Prevent Vaccines Falling Victim to Their Own Success: Intertemporal Dependency of Incidence Levels on Indirect Effects in Economic Reevaluations.Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research · 2021Article
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- Retrospective cohort study investigating extent of pertussis transmission during a boarding school outbreak, England, December 2017 to June 2018.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2021Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn 2012 England and Wales experienced a resurgence of pertussis and an increase in infant deaths. This occurred 8 years after acellular pertussis (aP) vaccine replaced whole cell (wP) primary vaccine despite continued high coverage for the primary series and pre-school aP booster. We developed a mathematical model to describe pertussis transmission dynamics in England and Wales since the 1950s and used it to investigate the cause of the resurgence and the potential impact of additional vaccination strategies.
methodsAn age-structured, compartmental, deterministic model of the pertussis transmission dynamics was fitted to 60 continuous years of age-stratified pertussis notification data in England and Wales. The model incorporated vaccine-induced and natural immunity and differentiated between vaccine-induced protection against clinical disease and infection.
resultsThe degree of protection of wP vaccine against infection was estimated to be higher than that of aP vaccine. Furthermore, the duration of protection for natural and wP-induced immunity was likely to be at least 15 years, but for aP vaccine it could be as low as 5 years. Model results indicated that the likely cause of the resurgence was the replacement of wP by less efficacious aP vaccine and that an elevated level of pertussis would continue. The collapse in wP vaccine coverage in the 1970s and resultant outbreaks in the late 1970s and early 1980s could not explain the resurgence. Addition of an adolescent or toddler booster was predicted to have little impact on the disease in infants.
conclusionsOur findings support the recent recommendation by the World Health Organisation that countries currently using wP vaccine for primary immunisation should not change to aP vaccine unless additional strategies to control infant disease such as maternal immunisation can be assured. Improved pertussis vaccines that provide better protection against infection are needed.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.